Perceptual other-race training reduces implicit racial bias.
Perceptual other-race training reduces implicit racial bias.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0004215
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tanaka JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lebrecht S;Pierce LJ;Tarr MJ;Tanaka JW
隐含的种族偏见指的是对其他种族群体的社会认知态度，这些群体不受意识意识的影响。同时，其他种族的面孔相对于自己种族的面孔更难区分--“其他种族效应”。为了检验这两种偏见之间的关系，我们训练高加索受试者更好地个性化其他种族的面孔，并在训练前后测量这些面孔的内隐种族偏见。两组高加索人受试者在为期5个疗程的培训方案中，平等地接触到相同的非裔美国人面孔。在个性化的条件下，受试者学会了区分非裔美国人的面孔。在分类条件下，被试学会将面孔归类为非裔美国人或非裔美国人。对于这两种情况，我们在训练前和训练后都使用新旧认知和内隐种族偏见测量了他族效应，并使用了一种新的内隐社会测量工具--情感词汇启动分数(Alps)。被试在个人化条件下，但不在分类条件下，随着训练的进行，他们对非裔美国人面孔的辨别能力有所提高。与之相对应的是，个性化条件下的被试，而不是分类条件下的被试，他们的阿尔卑斯值有所降低。关键的是，仅就个性化条件而言，个体受试者的阿尔卑斯值下降的程度与受试者在区分非裔美国人面孔的能力上表现出的改善程度显著相关。我们的结果建立了他族效应和内隐种族偏见之间的因果联系。我们证明，改善知觉的他人种族效应的训练也减少了社会认知的内隐种族偏见。这些发现表明，隐性种族偏见是多方面的，包括可延展的感知技能，可以通过相对较少的培训来修改。
Implicit racial bias denotes socio-cognitive attitudes towards other-race groups that are exempt from conscious awareness. In parallel, other-race faces are more difficult to differentiate relative to own-race faces – the “Other-Race Effect.” To examine the relationship between these two biases, we trained Caucasian subjects to better individuate other-race faces and measured implicit racial bias for those faces both before and after training. Two groups of Caucasian subjects were exposed equally to the same African American faces in a training protocol run over 5 sessions. In the individuation condition, subjects learned to discriminate between African American faces. In the categorization condition, subjects learned to categorize faces as African American or not. For both conditions, both pre- and post-training we measured the Other-Race Effect using old-new recognition and implicit racial biases using a novel implicit social measure – the “Affective Lexical Priming Score” (ALPS). Subjects in the individuation condition, but not in the categorization condition, showed improved discrimination of African American faces with training. Concomitantly, subjects in the individuation condition, but not the categorization condition, showed a reduction in their ALPS. Critically, for the individuation condition only, the degree to which an individual subject's ALPS decreased was significantly correlated with the degree of improvement that subject showed in their ability to differentiate African American faces. Our results establish a causal link between the Other-Race Effect and implicit racial bias. We demonstrate that training that ameliorates the perceptual Other-Race Effect also reduces socio-cognitive implicit racial bias. These findings suggest that implicit racial biases are multifaceted, and include malleable perceptual skills that can be modified with relatively little training.
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影响因子：
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