Toward an Understanding of Healthy Cognitive Aging: The Importance of Lifestyle in Cognitive Reserve and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition.
Toward an Understanding of Healthy Cognitive Aging: The Importance of Lifestyle in Cognitive Reserve and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition.
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbac197
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发表时间：
2023-05-11
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Nuttall, Helen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oosterhuis, Elise J.;Slade, Kate;May, Patrick J. C.;Nuttall, Helen E.
世界卫生组织(WHO)旨在提高我们对促进健康认知老化和抗击痴呆症的因素的理解。考虑个体衰老轨迹的老龄化理论对于实现世卫组织的目标至关重要。修订后的衰老与认知支架理论(STAC-r)和认知储备理论(CR)都为认知衰老的机制和积极生活方式的积极影响提供了理论框架。STAC-R还考虑了不利因素，如抑郁。这两种理论解释了认知老化的不同方面，尽管部分重叠。目前，还不清楚这些理论的一致和不同之处，也不清楚STAC-r、CR或两者都可以更好地解释与年龄相关的认知下降的补偿机制。这篇综述主要讨论了这些重要的认知衰老理论之间的异同，它们对干预方法和神经退行性疾病的影响，以及尚未解决的重大缺陷。这篇综述将指导研究人员了解该领域的共同见解，并为未来的研究提供干预目标和可检验的假设。未来的研究应该调查STAC-r在神经退行性疾病中的潜在用途，并明确哪些因素组合会导致CR，包括它们的相对重要性以及在生活中何时最有效。
The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to improve our understanding of the factors that promote healthy cognitive aging and combat dementia. Aging theories that consider individual aging trajectories are of paramount importance to meet the WHO’s aim. Both the revised Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC-r) and Cognitive Reserve theory (CR) offer theoretical frameworks for the mechanisms of cognitive aging and the positive influence of an engaged lifestyle. STAC-r additionally considers adverse factors, such as depression. The two theories explain different though partly overlapping aspects of cognitive aging. Currently, it is unclear where the theories agree and differ and what compensation mechanism of age-related cognitive decline might be better explained by either STAC-r, CR, or by both. This review provides an essential discussion of the similarities and differences between these prominent cognitive aging theories, their implications for intervention methods and neurodegenerative disease, and significant shortcomings that have not yet been addressed. This review will direct researchers to common insights in the field and to intervention targets and testable hypotheses for future research. Future research should investigate the potential use of STAC-r in neurodegenerative diseases and provide clarity as to what combination of factors build CR, including their relative importance and when in life they are most effective.
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