The Role of Environmental Risk Factors on the Development of Childhood Allergic Rhinitis.
The Role of Environmental Risk Factors on the Development of Childhood Allergic Rhinitis.
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DOI：
10.3390/children8080708
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发表时间：
2021-08-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wang AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu AC;Dahlin A;Wang AL
环境因素在儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)的发生和加重中起着重要作用。室内空气污染，如屋尘螨和二手烟，会显著增加AR的发病，而宠物皮屑可能会影响儿童AR症状的恶化。此外，与交通相关的空气污染和花粉是室外空气污染物，会影响免疫能力和呼吸道反应，增加儿童患AR的风险。气候变化增加了儿童的AR，因为过敏物种的生长模式发生了变化，导致了更长的花粉季节。更极端和更频繁的天气事件也导致气候变化导致室内空气质量恶化。此外，病毒会引起呼吸道感染，加重AR的症状，而病毒感染会改变免疫系统。虽然病毒和污染会影响AR的发展和恶化，但AR患者有多种治疗和预防选择。植物(绿色)的保护作用与空气污染的缓解密切相关，可以缓解AR的恶化，而空气过滤器的使用可以减少过敏触发因素。口服抗组胺药和鼻内皮质类固醇是治疗AR症状的常用药物。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了AR的环境危险因素，并总结了预防和管理儿童AR的治疗策略。
Environmental factors play an important role in the development and exacerbation of allergic rhinitis (AR) in childhood. Indoor air pollution, such as house dust mites and secondhand smoke, can significantly increase the onset of AR, while pet dander may affect the exacerbation of AR symptoms in children. Furthermore, traffic related air pollution and pollen are outdoor air pollutants that can affect immune competency and airway responsiveness, increasing the risk of AR in children. Climate change has increased AR in children, as growth patterns of allergenic species have changed, resulting in longer pollen seasons. More extreme and frequent weather events also contribute to the deterioration of indoor air quality due to climate change. Additionally, viruses provoke respiratory tract infections, worsening the symptoms of AR, while viral infections alter the immune system. Although viruses and pollution influence development and exacerbation of AR, a variety of treatment and prevention options are available for AR patients. The protective influence of vegetation (greenness) is heavily associated with air pollution mitigation, relieving AR exacerbations, while the use of air filters can reduce allergic triggers. Oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are common pharmacotherapy for AR symptoms. In this review, we discuss the environmental risk factors for AR and summarize treatment strategies for preventing and managing AR in children.
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影响因子：
81.5
作者：
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