Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and cognitive abilities among U.S. children and adolescents.
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and cognitive abilities among U.S. children and adolescents.
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美国儿童和青少年接触环境烟草烟雾和认知能力。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.7210
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发表时间：
2005-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hornung R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yolton K;Dietrich K;Auinger P;Lanphear BP;Hornung R
我们利用1988年至1994年进行的第三次全国健康和营养检查调查(NHANES III)，调查了6-16岁美国儿童和青少年中环境烟草烟雾(ETS)暴露与认知能力的关系。血清可替宁被用作ETS暴露的生物标志物。如果儿童的血清可替宁水平为≤15 ng/毫升，与暴露于ETS的水平一致，并且在过去5天内否认使用任何烟草产品，则包括在样本中。认知和学习能力的评估采用修订后的大范围成就测验的阅读和数学分测验以及韦氏儿童智力量表-III的积木设计和数字广度分测验。分析采用SUDAAN软件进行。在纳入NHANES III的5,365名6至16岁的青少年中，有4,399名(82%)进入了这项分析。血清可替宁几何平均值为0.23 ng/m L(范围0.035-15 ng/m L)，80%的受试者血清可替宁水平为1 ng/m L。在调整了性别、种族、地区、贫困、父母教育和婚姻状况、铁蛋白和血铅浓度后，血清可替宁与阅读(β=−2.69，p=0.001)、数学(β=−1.93，p=0.01)和区组设计(β=−0.55，p<；0.001)的分数呈显著负相关，但与数字广度(β=−0.08，p=0.52)无关。在较低的可替宁水平下，估计与ETS相关的认知测试分数的下降更大。对数线性分析被选为最适合描述较低水平暴露时认知缺陷斜率增加的特征。这些数据表明，即使在极低水平的暴露下，ETS暴露与儿童认知缺陷之间也存在负相关，这支持了进一步限制儿童暴露的政策。
We used the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted from 1988 to 1994, to investigate the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and cognitive abilities among U.S. children and adolescents 6–16 years of age. Serum cotinine was used as a biomarker of ETS exposure. Children were included in the sample if their serum cotinine levels were ≤15 ng/mL, a level consistent with ETS exposure, and if they denied using any tobacco products in the previous 5 days. Cognitive and academic abilities were assessed using the reading and math subtests of the Wide Range Achievement Test–Revised and the block design and digit span subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–III. Analyses were conducted using SUDAAN software. Of the 5,365 6- to 16-year-olds included in NHANES III, 4,399 (82%) were included in this analysis. The geometric mean serum cotinine level was 0.23 ng/mL (range, 0.035–15 ng/mL); 80% of subjects had levels < 1 ng/mL. After adjustment for sex, race, region, poverty, parent education and marital status, ferritin, and blood lead concentration, there was a significant inverse relationship between serum cotinine and scores on reading (β= −2.69, p = 0.001), math (β= −1.93, p = 0.01), and block design (β= −0.55, p < 0.001) but not digit span (β= −0.08, p = 0.52). The estimated ETS-associated decrement in cognitive test scores was greater at lower cotinine levels. A log-linear analysis was selected as the best fit to characterize the increased slope in cognitive deficits at lower levels of exposure. These data, which indicate an inverse association between ETS exposure and cognitive deficits among children even at extremely low levels of exposure, support policy to further restrict children’s exposure.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Eskenazi B;Castorina R
通讯作者：
Castorina R
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Fried, PA;Watkinson, B
通讯作者：
Watkinson, B
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通讯作者：
Hannon, WH
影响因子：
2.9
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de Leon, J;Diaz, FJ;Crooks, PA
通讯作者：
Crooks, PA
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ESKENAZI, B;BERGMANN, JJ
通讯作者：
BERGMANN, JJ