How can Developmental Systems Theories Cope with Free Will? The importance of stress-related growth and mindfulness.

How can Developmental Systems Theories Cope with Free Will? The importance of stress-related growth and mindfulness.
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DOI:
10.1080/15427609.2015.1068042
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Aldwin CM
Aldwin CM
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aldwin CM

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科学正处于Kuhnian范式的转变中,从因果的、确定性的模型转向更强调系统方法的概率模型。然而,系统理论仍然主要是确定性的,不容易整合自由意志的结构。在发展科学中,这种转变体现在关系发展系统理论(RSDTs)中,该理论强调多层次分析、个体内部变化中的个体间差异以及与环境的协同作用。虽然机构是rsdt的一个重要组成部分,但它是如何发展的尚不清楚。我们认为自由意志是一种发展的结构,自由意志的发展过程可以通过两种方式产生:从生活中与主要压力源的改变遭遇中产生,从而认识到对一个人的生活和更大的自我意识的限制影响;以及有目的的发展,以提高自我调节和专注力。通过有目的的、有意识的合作,个人和网络可以以积极的方式共同发展。
Science is in the midst of a Kuhnian paradigm shift, from causal, deterministic models to more probabilistic ones that emphasize systems approaches. However, systems theory is still primarily deterministic and does not readily integrate the construct of free will. In the developmental sciences, this shift has been manifesting in relational developmental systems theories (RSDTs) which highlight multi-level analyses, interindividual differences in intraindividual change, and co-action with the context. While agency is an important component in RSDTs, it is unclear how it develops. We argue that free will is a developmental construct, and that the process of the development of free will can arise in two ways: from life-changing encounters with major stressors which result in recognizing limiting influences on one’s life and the development of greater self-awareness; and purposive development to increase self-regulation and mindfulness. Through purposive, mindful co-action, the individual and the network can co-evolve in positive ways.
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