Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood.

Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrn.2018.1
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发表时间:
2018-02-16
期刊:
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gao W
Gao W
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gilmore JH;Knickmeyer RC;Gao W

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在人类中,从足月出生到约2岁的时期以大脑快速且动态的发育为特征,并且在认知发展以及自闭症和精神分裂症等疾病的患病风险方面起着重要作用。近期的影像学研究已经开始描绘出生后最初几年大脑结构和功能的生长轨迹以及它们与认知和神经精神疾病风险的关系。本综述讨论了灰质和白质、结构和功能网络的发育,以及遗传和环境对儿童早期大脑发育的影响。我们还讨论了有关早期影像学生物标志物对预测认知结果和神经精神疾病风险的有用性的初步证据。
In humans, the period from term birth to ~2 years of age is characterized by rapid and dynamic brain development and plays an important role in cognitive development and risk for disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Recent imaging studies have begun to delineate the growth trajectories of brain structure and function in the first years after birth and their relationship to cognition and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. This Review discusses the development of grey and white matter, structural and functional networks, as well as genetic and environmental influences on early childhood brain development. We also discuss initial evidence regarding the usefulness of early imaging biomarkers for predicting cognitive outcomes and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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