Building an ommatidium one cell at a time.
Building an ommatidium one cell at a time.
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DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.23707
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kumar, Justin P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kumar, Justin P.
自从100多年前在一群红眼果蝇中发现了一只白眼雄性果蝇以来，果蝇的复眼一直是一个受欢迎的实验系统，用于识别调控发育各个方面的基因。例如，我们今天所知道的关于酶途径和囊泡运输的相当大一部分是由于眼睛颜色突变的发现和随后的特征，如白色。同样，我们今天对器官发生的理解也得到了突变研究的很大帮助，比如盲眼，这种突变可以减少或消除复眼。但到目前为止，提供了进入最多试验田的杠杆的表型一直是谦逊的“粗糙”眼睛。苍蝇眼由数百只单位眼组成，也被称为小眼。这些单位的眼睛被包装成一个六角形阵列，具有惊人的精度。眼睛的结构是如此精确，以至于被比作晶体的结构。即使是小眼肌结构的最微小的扰动，也可以用光学或电子显微镜肉眼观察到。造成这种情况的原因有两方面：(1)任何影响单个小眼六角形几何形状的缺陷都可以并将扰乱周围单位眼的位置，从而传播结构缺陷；(2)控制小眼内单个细胞发育的基因中断将影响所有单位眼。在这两种情况下，效果都是视觉放大，即使是最小的缺陷。对粗眼突变体的研究为细胞命运指定、侧向抑制、信号转导、转录因子网络、平面细胞极性、细胞增殖和程序性细胞死亡等领域提供了关键的见解。这篇综述将试图总结组装每个小眼所需的关键步骤。
Since the discovery of a single white eyed male in a population of red eyed flies over 100 years ago, the compound eye of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been a favorite experimental system for identifying genes that regulate various aspects of development. For example, a fair amount of what we know today about enzymatic pathways and vesicular transport is due to the discovery and subsequent characterization of eye color mutants such as white. Likewise, our present day understanding of organogenesis has been aided considerably by studies of mutations, such as eyeless, that either reduce or eliminate the compound eyes. But by far the phenotype that has provided levers into the greatest number of experimental fields has been the humble “rough” eye. The fly eye is comprised of several hundred unit-eyes that are also called ommatidia. These unit eyes are packed into a hexagonal array of remarkable precision. The structure of the eye is so precise that it has been compared to that of a crystal. Even the slightest perturbations to the structure of the ommatidium can be visually detected by light or electron microscopy. The cause for this is two-fold: (1) any defect that affects the hexagonal geometry of a single ommatidium can and will disrupt the positioning of surrounding unit eyes thereby propagating structural flaws and (2) disruptions in genes that govern the development of even a single cell within an ommatidium will affect all unit eyes. In both cases the effect is the visual magnification of even the smallest imperfection. Studies of rough eye mutants have provided key insights into the areas of cell fate specification, lateral inhibition, signal transduction, transcription factor networks, planar cell polarity, cell proliferation and programmed cell death just to name a few. This review will attempt to summarize the key steps that are required to assemble each ommatidium.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.86.16.6245
发表时间：
1989-08-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
BOWTELL, DDL;KIMMEL, BE;RUBIN, GM
通讯作者：
RUBIN, GM
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
BASLER, K;CHRISTEN, B;HAFEN, E
通讯作者：
HAFEN, E
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
BASLER, K;YEN, D;HAFEN, E
通讯作者：
HAFEN, E
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
CAGAN, RL;READY, DF
通讯作者：
READY, DF
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BASLER, K;HAFEN, E
通讯作者：
HAFEN, E