Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive effort: malaria parasites respond to resource availability.
Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive effort: malaria parasites respond to resource availability.
复制标题
生殖努力的表型可塑性：疟疾寄生虫对资源可用性的反应。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.1229
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发表时间：
2017-08-16
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reece SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birget PLG;Repton C;O'Donnell AJ;Schneider P;Reece SE
在所有有性繁殖有机体的生活史中，生存和繁殖之间的权衡是基本的。这包括疟疾寄生虫，它们依靠无性复制阶段在宿主内存活，有性繁殖阶段(配子体)在宿主之间传播。在感染期间，形成配子体(生殖努力)的无性阶段的比例不同--即表现为可塑性--以回应包括贫血在内的许多宿主内因素的变化。然而，红细胞(RBC)资源的密度和年龄结构如何影响生殖努力的可塑性以及对寄生虫适合性的影响仍存在争议。在这里，我们研究了啮齿类疟疾寄生虫查鲍迪疟原虫如何以及为什么改变其生殖能力，以应对红细胞密度和年龄结构的实验扰动。我们发现，在宿主贫血期间，当未成熟红细胞的比例增加时，所有四种所研究的基因型都会增加生殖努力，并且不同基因型的反应不同。我们认为，贫血(与直觉相反)产生了一个资源丰富的环境，在这个环境中，寄生虫能够负担得起将更多的能量分配给繁殖(即传播)，并且贫血也使基因变异暴露于选择。从应用的角度来看，寄生虫繁殖努力中的适应性可塑性可以解释为什么毒力的遗传变异保持不变，以及为什么贫血经常被观察到是人类感染传播的风险因素。
The trade-off between survival and reproduction is fundamental in the life history of all sexually reproducing organisms. This includes malaria parasites, which rely on asexually replicating stages for within-host survival and on sexually reproducing stages (gametocytes) for between-host transmission. The proportion of asexual stages that form gametocytes (reproductive effort) varies during infections—i.e. is phenotypically plastic—in response to changes in a number of within-host factors, including anaemia. However, how the density and age structure of red blood cell (RBC) resources shape plasticity in reproductive effort and impacts upon parasite fitness is controversial. Here, we examine how and why the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi alters its reproductive effort in response to experimental perturbations of the density and age structure of RBCs. We show that all four of the genotypes studied increase reproductive effort when the proportion of RBCs that are immature is elevated during host anaemia, and that the responses of the genotypes differ. We propose that anaemia (counterintuitively) generates a resource-rich environment in which parasites can afford to allocate more energy to reproduction (i.e. transmission) and that anaemia also exposes genetic variation to selection. From an applied perspective, adaptive plasticity in parasite reproductive effort could explain the maintenance of genetic variation for virulence and why anaemia is often observed as a risk factor for transmission in human infections.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
CLUTTONBROCK, TH
通讯作者：
CLUTTONBROCK, TH
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Cameron A;Reece SE;Drew DR;Haydon DT;Yates AJ
通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.72.6.2227
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.3
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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