Conceptualising and measuring working memory and its relationship to aphasia
Conceptualising and measuring working memory and its relationship to aphasia
复制标题
概念化和测量工作记忆及其与失语症的关系
作者：
H. Wright;G. Fergadiotis
背景资料：在文献中普遍存在的共识是，失语症患者可以表现出工作记忆缺陷，有助于他们的语言处理障碍。虽然在不同的工作记忆框架中进行了概念化，但研究人员认为失语症患者的工作记忆容量有限，注意力控制过程受损，抑制机制受损。然而，在研究失语症患者工作记忆能力的研究中，不同的测量方法被用来量化他们的工作记忆能力，并确定工作记忆和语言表现之间的关系。目标：本文的主要目的是：（1）回顾当前的工作记忆理论框架，（2）回顾用于测量工作记忆的任务，（3）讨论工作记忆与失语症语言处理相关的研究结果。主要贡献：虽然研究失语症患者的工作记忆能力的研究结果是一致的，但关于工作记忆是如何概念化和定义的讨论往往缺失，就像在理论框架内讨论结果一样。这是至关重要的，因为工作记忆在不同的理论框架中被不同地概念化。他们在解释是什么限制了能力和个体差异的来源以及信息如何编码，维护和检索方面存在差异。当在理论框架内考虑测试方法时，可以测试特定的假设，并可以得出更强有力的结论，不易受到不同解释的影响。结论：工作记忆能力已经在许多研究与失语症的个人。为了更好地了解潜在的认知结构，有助于失语症患者表现出的语言缺陷，未来的调查应操作性地定义感兴趣的认知结构，并在理论框架内讨论结果。
Background: General agreement exists in the literature that individuals with aphasia can exhibit a working memory deficit that contributes to their language-processing impairments. Although conceptualised within different working memory frameworks, researchers have suggested that individuals with aphasia have limited working memory capacity and impaired attention-control processes as well as impaired inhibitory mechanisms. However, across studies investigating working memory ability in individuals with aphasia, different measures have been used to quantify their working memory ability and identify the relationship between working memory and language performance. Aims: The primary objectives of this article are (1) to review current working memory theoretical frameworks, (2) to review tasks used to measure working memory, and (3) to discuss findings from studies that have investigated working memory as they relate to language processing in aphasia. Main Contribution: Although findings have been consistent across studies investigating working memory ability in individuals with aphasia, discussion of how working memory is conceptualised and defined is often missing, as is discussion of results within a theoretical framework. This is critical, as working memory is conceptualised differently across the different theoretical frameworks. They differ in explaining what limits capacity and the source of individual differences as well as how information is encoded, maintained, and retrieved. When test methods are considered within a theoretical framework, specific hypotheses can be tested and stronger conclusions that are less susceptible to different interpretations can be made. Conclusions: Working memory ability has been investigated in numerous studies with individuals with aphasia. To better understand the underlying cognitive constructs that contribute to the language deficits exhibited by individuals with aphasia, future investigations should operationally define the cognitive constructs of interest and discuss findings within theoretical frameworks.
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DOI：
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