Central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals.

Central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153128
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
13.9
通讯作者:
Takahashi JS
Takahashi JS
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mohawk JA;Green CB;Takahashi JS

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哺乳动物的昼夜节律系统是由在细胞、组织和系统水平上起作用的振荡器组成的。一个共同的分子机制是整个身体的细胞自主昼夜节律振荡器的基础,然而这个时钟系统适应不同的功能环境。在下丘脑的中央视交叉上核(SCN)中,一组耦合的神经元昼夜节律振荡器作为生物体的主起搏器,驱动活动和休息、进食、体温和激素的节奏。SCN网络内的耦合为SCN起搏器提供了鲁棒性,从而为生物体的整体时间结构提供了稳定性。在身体的大多数细胞中,细胞自主生物钟与代谢途径密切相关。因此,一种新兴的观点认为,生物钟的适应性意义在于它们在协调新陈代谢方面的基本作用。
The circadian system of mammals is composed of a hierarchy of oscillators that function at the cellular, tissue and systems levels. A common molecular mechanism underlies the cell autonomous circadian oscillator throughout the body, yet this clock system is adapted to different functional contexts. In the central suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a coupled population of neuronal circadian oscillators acts as a master pacemaker for the organism to drive rhythms in activity and rest, feeding, body temperature and hormones. Coupling within the SCN network confers robustness to the SCN pacemaker which in turn provides stability to the overall temporal architecture of the organism. Throughout the majority of the cells in the body, cell autonomous circadian clocks are intimately enmeshed within metabolic pathways. Thus, an emerging view for the adaptive significance of circadian clocks is their fundamental role in orchestrating metabolism.
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