Clock genes × stress × reward interactions in alcohol and substance use disorders.
Clock genes × stress × reward interactions in alcohol and substance use disorders.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.04.003
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Spanagel, Rainer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perreau-Lenz, Stephanie;Spanagel, Rainer
不利的生活事件和高度紧张的环境会对心理健康造成有害的后果。这些环境因素会加剧携带特定遗传风险因素的脆弱个体的酒精和药物滥用，从而产生酒精和物质使用障碍发展的最终风险。这些基因的性质尚未完全确定，但研究表明它们与应激下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴和/或奖赏系统有直接或间接的关系。在过去的十年里，时钟基因被证明是影响急性和慢性酒精/药物效应的关键因素。同时，慢性压力和应激性生活事件在促进酒精和药物使用和滥用方面的影响已经得到证明。此外，时钟基因与各种HPA轴成分的相互作用，以及时钟基因在应激诱导的酒精滥用中的作用的证据，导致了时钟基因，特别是周期基因，可能是在考察成瘾病因中的基因×环境交互作用时需要考虑的关键遗传因素。本综述的目的是总结时钟基因、压力、酒精和药物滥用之间的联系，并提出潜在的神经生物学机制。
Adverse life events and highly stressful environments have deleterious consequences for mental health. Those environmental factors can potentiate alcohol and drug abuse in vulnerable individuals carrying specific genetic risk factors, hence producing the final risk for alcohol- and substance-use disorders development. The nature of these genes remains to be fully determined, but studies indicate their direct or indirect relation to the stress hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or reward systems. Over the past decade, clock genes have been revealed to be key-players in influencing acute and chronic alcohol/drug effects. In parallel, the influence of chronic stress and stressful life events in promoting alcohol and substance use and abuse has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the reciprocal interaction of clock genes with various HPA-axis components, as well as the evidence for an implication of clock genes in stress-induced alcohol abuse, have led to the idea that clock genes, and Period genes in particular, may represent key genetic factors to consider when examining gene × environment interaction in the etiology of addiction. The aim of the present review is to summarize findings linking clock genes, stress, and alcohol and substance abuse, and to propose potential underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
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