Urinary biomonitoring of phosphate flame retardants: levels in California adults and recommendations for future studies.
Urinary biomonitoring of phosphate flame retardants: levels in California adults and recommendations for future studies.
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DOI：
10.1021/es503445c
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发表时间：
2014-12-02
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Rudel, Ruthann A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodson, Robin E.;Van den Eede, Nele;Covaci, Adrian;Perovich, Laura J.;Brody, Julia Green;Rudel, Ruthann A.
磷酸盐阻燃剂（PFRs）含量丰富，在室内粉尘中含量最高，相对于其他阻燃化学品；然而，人们对PFRs的生物学水平及其与室内粉尘浓度的关系知之甚少。这些关系提供了对主要接触途径和潜在健康风险的深入了解。我们分析了2011年来自16名加州居民的尿液样本，其中包括6种氯代和非氯代二烷基或二烷基磷酸盐（DAPs），这是最突出的PFRs的预期主要代谢物，并对体外研究预测的18种其他代谢物进行了定性筛选。我们在先前报告的水平范围内检测到所有6种dap，尽管很少有比较可用。我们发现尿液和粉尘浓度之间存在微弱的正相关关系，并且对于bis（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸盐(BDCIPP)-tris（1,3-二氯-异丙基）磷酸盐（TDCIPP）和bis（2-氯乙基）磷酸盐(BCEP)-tris（2-氯乙基）磷酸盐（TCEP），最大尿液对应的最大粉尘浓度为最大粉尘。PFR的代谢物水平与许多PFR组合相关，表明它们通常同时发生。据我们所知，这是第一个同时测量这6种DAP代谢物和检测美国尿液样本中其他PFR代谢物的研究。我们建议生物监测研究包括这6种DAPs以及通过定性筛选和先前的ADME研究检测到的其他几种化合物。PFRs是一类研究不足的商业化学品，广泛暴露，引起人们对包括致癌性和神经毒性在内的健康影响的关注。
Phosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are abundant and found at the highest concentrations relative to other flame retardant chemicals in house dust; however, little is known about the biological levels of PFRs and their relationship with house dust concentrations. These relationships provide insight into major exposure pathways and potential health risks. We analyzed urine samples from 16 California residents in 2011 for 6 chlorinated and nonchlorinated dialkyl or diaryl phosphates (DAPs), the expected major metabolites of the most prominent PFRs, and qualitatively screened for 18 other metabolites predicted from in vitro studies. We detected all 6 DAPs within the range of previously reported levels, although very few comparisons are available. We found weakly positive nonsignificant correlations between urine and dust concentrations and maxima urine corresponding to maxima dust for the pairs bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP)-tris(1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP)-tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). Metabolite levels of PFRs were correlated for many PFR combinations, suggesting they commonly co-occur. As far as we know, this is the first study to measure these 6 DAP metabolites simultaneously and to detect other PFR metabolites in US urine samples. We recommend biomonitoring studies include these 6 DAPs as well as several additional compounds detected through qualitative screening and previous ADME studies. PFRs represent a class of poorly studied commercial chemicals with widespread exposure and raise concerns for health effects including carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Rudel, Ruthann A.;Dodson, Robin E.;Perovich, Laura J.;Morello-Frosch, Rachel;Camann, David E.;Zuniga, Michelle M.;Yau, Alice Y.;Just, Allan C.;Brody, Julia Green
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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