Novel Biorecognition Elements against Pathogens in the Design of State-of-the-Art Diagnostics.
Novel Biorecognition Elements against Pathogens in the Design of State-of-the-Art Diagnostics.
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DOI：
10.3390/bios11110418
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发表时间：
2021-10-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rodrigues LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sande MG;Rodrigues JL;Ferreira D;Silva CJ;Rodrigues LR
感染性病原体，特别是细菌和病毒，在世界范围内造成了大量的住院和死亡。为多种传染病提供有效和及时的诊断是一项挑战。传统的诊断解决方案虽然技术先进，但非常复杂，在资源有限的环境中往往无法使用。一种替代策略涉及方便的快速诊断，其可以在护理点（POC）处容易地管理并且以低成本而不牺牲可靠性。生物传感器和其他快速POC诊断工具，需要生物识别元件，以准确地识别致病病原体正在开发中。这些设备的有效性高度依赖于其生物识别能力。天然存在的生物识别元件包括抗体、噬菌体和酶。最近，修饰的分子如DNA酶、肽核酸和经历选择性筛选的分子如适体和肽因其生物识别能力和相对于纯天然分子的其他优点如稳健性和较低的生产成本而引起人们的兴趣。对病原体具有广谱活性的抗菌剂，如抗生素，也用于双重诊断和治疗策略。其他成功的病原体鉴定策略使用化学配体、分子印迹聚合物和重复的规律间隔短回文重复序列相关核酸酶。本文综述了生物识别元件的最新进展及其在新型病原体检测生物传感器设计中的应用。
Infectious agents, especially bacteria and viruses, account for a vast number of hospitalisations and mortality worldwide. Providing effective and timely diagnostics for the multiplicity of infectious diseases is challenging. Conventional diagnostic solutions, although technologically advanced, are highly complex and often inaccessible in resource-limited settings. An alternative strategy involves convenient rapid diagnostics which can be easily administered at the point-of-care (POC) and at low cost without sacrificing reliability. Biosensors and other rapid POC diagnostic tools which require biorecognition elements to precisely identify the causative pathogen are being developed. The effectiveness of these devices is highly dependent on their biorecognition capabilities. Naturally occurring biorecognition elements include antibodies, bacteriophages and enzymes. Recently, modified molecules such as DNAzymes, peptide nucleic acids and molecules which suffer a selective screening like aptamers and peptides are gaining interest for their biorecognition capabilities and other advantages over purely natural ones, such as robustness and lower production costs. Antimicrobials with a broad-spectrum activity against pathogens, such as antibiotics, are also used in dual diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Other successful pathogen identification strategies use chemical ligands, molecularly imprinted polymers and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated nuclease. Herein, the latest developments regarding biorecognition elements and strategies to use them in the design of new biosensors for pathogens detection are reviewed.
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