Can seeking happiness make people unhappy? [corrected] Paradoxical effects of valuing happiness.
Can seeking happiness make people unhappy? [corrected] Paradoxical effects of valuing happiness.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0022010
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发表时间：
2011-08
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Savino, Nicole S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mauss, Iris B.;Tamir, Maya;Anderson, Craig L.;Savino, Nicole S.
快乐是幸福的关键因素。因此，期望重视幸福会产生有益的结果是合理的。我们认为，情况可能并非总是如此。相反，重视幸福可能会弄巧成拙，因为人们越重视幸福，他们就越有可能感到失望。这应该特别适用于积极的情况，在这种情况下，人们有充分的理由感到快乐。两项研究支持这一假设。在研究1中，那些更看重幸福的女性参与者在生活压力低而不是高的情况下幸福感较低。在研究2中，与对照组相比，实验诱导的重视幸福的女性参与者对快乐而不是悲伤的情绪诱导的反应不那么积极。这种影响是由参与者对自己的感觉感到失望所介导的。因此，矛盾的是，重视幸福可能会导致人们在幸福触手可及时不那么快乐。
Happiness is a key ingredient of well-being. It is thus reasonable to expect that valuing happiness will have beneficial outcomes. We argue that this may not always be the case. Instead, valuing happiness could be self-defeating because the more people value happiness, the more likely they will feel disappointed. This should apply particularly in positive situations, in which people have every reason to be happy. Two studies support this hypothesis. In Study 1, female participants who valued happiness more (vs. less) reported lower happiness when under conditions of low, but not high, life stress. In Study 2, compared to a control group, female participants who were experimentally induced to value happiness reacted less positively to a happy, but not a sad, emotion induction. This effect was mediated by participants’ disappointment at their own feelings. Paradoxically, therefore, valuing happiness may lead people to be less happy just when happiness is within reach.
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