Impact of deltamethrin-resistance in Aedes albopictus on its fitness cost and vector competence.
Impact of deltamethrin-resistance in Aedes albopictus on its fitness cost and vector competence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0009391
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Chen XG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng J;Guo Y;Su X;Liu S;Yang W;Wu Y;Wu K;Yan G;Chen XG
白纹伊蚊是世界上最具入侵性的物种之一，也是登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒病等蚊媒疾病的重要传播媒介。化学灭蚊是控制蚊媒疾病的有效方法，但由于杀虫剂的广泛使用和不当使用，导致了严重的抗药性问题。白纹伊蚊对包括溴氰菊酯在内的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗药性的报道较多。然而，溴氰菊酯抗性白纹伊蚊的适应度成本和媒介能力仍然未知。了解蚊虫抗药性的影响对蚊虫及蚊媒疾病的防治具有重要意义。从白纹伊蚊实验室敏感品系（Lab-S）中筛选出溴氰菊酯抗性品系（Lab-R）。并对两菌株的生命表进行了比较分析。Lab-R和Lab-S在幼虫中的平均发育时间分别为9.7天和8.2天（P < 0.005），在蛹中的平均发育时间分别为2.0天和1.8天（P > 0.05），表明溴氰菊酯抗性延缓了抗性蚊幼虫的发育时间。抗性成虫的平均存活时间显著短于敏感成虫，而抗性雌成虫的体重显著高于敏感雌成虫。我们还通过RT-qPCR比较了两种毒株之间对登革病毒2型（DENV-2）的载体感受态。从感染率和病毒载量的结果来看，两株病毒在感染早期（感染后4、7、10天）的感染率和病毒载量没有差异。但在感染后期（14 dpi），抗性蚊的头、唾液腺和卵巢的病毒载量及免疫抑制率均显著低于敏感品系（头、唾液腺和卵巢的免疫抑制率：P < 0.05;头、唾液腺的病毒载量：P <0.05;卵巢的病毒载量：P < 0.001）。然后，在DENV-2感染性血液餐后14天，允许易感和抗性菌株的雌性叮咬5日龄乳鼠。两种蚊虫均可将DENV-2传播给小鼠，但抗性蚊虫叮咬小鼠后病毒血症出现较晚，血清和脑中病毒拷贝数较低，说明抗性蚊虫的水平传播能力低于敏感蚊虫。同时，我们还检测了14 dpi时两个品系的卵池的IR，发现抗性品系的垂直传播能力低于敏感品系。此外，感染DENV-2的抗性雌蚊平均存活时间为16天，是4组雌蚊中最短的，提示溴氰菊酯抗性会缩短感染DENV-2的白纹伊蚊雌蚊的寿命。随着白纹伊蚊对溴氰菊酯产生高抗性，抗性延长了幼虫的生长发育，缩短了成虫的寿命，降低了抗性白纹伊蚊对DENV-2的媒介能力。由此可见，白纹伊蚊对溴氰菊酯的抗性是一把双刃剑，它既赋予了白纹伊蚊在杀虫剂压力下生存的能力，又增加了白纹伊蚊的适应度成本，降低了白纹伊蚊的传病能力。但对溴氰菊酯产生抗药性的白纹伊蚊仍能完成体外潜伏期并传播登革病毒，仍是登革病毒传播的潜在媒介，成为公共卫生的威胁。因此，应高度重视蚊虫抗药性问题，以更好地预防和控制蚊媒疾病。白纹伊蚊是登革热、基孔肯雅病和寨卡病毒的主要传播媒介，其在全球范围内的入侵和扩张已成为全球公共卫生的严重问题。随着杀虫剂的大量使用，特别是最常用的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，白纹伊蚊抗药性的出现和发展给病媒控制带来了挑战。然而，目前尚不清楚抗性是否会影响白纹伊蚊的适合度成本和媒介能力。本研究通过对白纹伊蚊溴氰菊酯敏感品系的筛选，建立了白纹伊蚊实验室抗性品系。比较抗性品系和敏感品系，我们发现溴氰菊酯抗性增加了适合度成本，降低了白纹伊蚊对DENV-2的媒介能力。这些最新发现为登革热疾病预防和病媒控制策略提供了启示。
Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive species in the world as well as the important vector for mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya fever and zika virus disease. Chemical control of mosquitoes is an effective method to control mosquito-borne diseases, however, the wide and improper application of insecticides for vector control has led to serious resistance problems. At present, there have been many reports on the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in vector mosquitoes including deltamethrin to Aedes albopictus. However, the fitness cost and vector competence of deltamethrin resistant Aedes albopictus remain unknown. To understand the impact of insecticide resistant mosquito is of great significance for the prevention and control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. A laboratory resistant strain (Lab-R) of Aedes albopictus was established by deltamethrin insecticide selecting from the laboratory susceptible strain (Lab-S). The life table between the two strains were comparatively analyzed. The average development time of Lab-R and Lab-S in larvae was 9.7 days and 8.2 days (P < 0.005), and in pupae was 2.0 days and 1.8 days respectively (P > 0.05), indicating that deltamethrin resistance prolongs the larval development time of resistant mosquitoes. The average survival time of resistant adults was significantly shorter than that of susceptible adults, while the body weight of resistant female adults was significantly higher than that of the susceptible females. We also compared the vector competence for dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) between the two strains via RT-qPCR. Considering the results of infection rate (IR) and virus load, there was no difference between the two strains during the early period of infection (4, 7, 10 day post infection (dpi)). However, in the later period of infection (14 dpi), IR and virus load in heads, salivary glands and ovaries of the resistant mosquitoes were significantly lower than those of the susceptible strain (IR of heads, salivary glands and ovaries: P < 0.05; virus load in heads and salivary glands: P < 0.05; virus load in ovaries: P < 0.001). And then, fourteen days after the DENV-2-infectious blood meal, females of the susceptible and resistant strains were allow to bite 5-day-old suckling mice. Both stains of mosquito can transmit DENV-2 to mice, but the onset of viremia was later in the mice biting by resistant group as well as lower virus copies in serum and brains, suggesting that the horizontal transmission of the resistant strain is lower than the susceptible strain. Meanwhile, we also detected IR of egg pools of the two strains on 14 dpi and found that the resistant strain were less capable of vertical transmission than susceptible mosquitoes. In addition, the average survival time of the resistant females infected with DENV-2 was 16 days, which was the shortest among the four groups of female mosquitoes, suggesting that deltamethrin resistance would shorten the life span of female Aedes albopictus infected with DENV-2. As Aedes albopictus developing high resistance to deltamethrin, the resistance prolonged the growth and development of larvae, shorten the life span of adults, as well as reduced the vector competence of resistant Aedes albopictus for DENV-2. It can be concluded that the resistance to deltamethrin in Aedes albopictus is a double-edged sword, which not only endow the mosquito survive under the pressure of insecticide, but also increase the fitness cost and decrease its vector competence. However, Aedes albopictus resistant to deltamethrin can still complete the external incubation period and transmit dengue virus, which remains a potential vector for dengue virus transmission and becomes a threat to public health. Therefore, we should pay high attention for the problem of insecticide resistance so that to better prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases. Worldwide invasion and expansion of Aedes albopictus, the main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, has become a serious concern in global public health. With the large use of insecticides, especially the most commonly used pyrethroid insecticides, the emergence and development of resistance in Aedes albopictus present vector control challenges. However, it is not clear whether the resistance would affect the fitness cost and vector competence of Aedes albopictus. In this study, a laboratory resistant strain of Aedes albopictus was established by selecting the susceptible strain of Aedes albopictus with deltamethrin. Comparing the resistant strain with the susceptible strain, we found that deltamethrin resistance increased the fitness cost and reduced the vector competence of DENV-2 in Aedes albopictus. These latest findings shared the light for dengue disease prevention and vector control strategies.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Diniz DF;de Melo-Santos MA;Santos EM;Beserra EB;Helvecio E;de Carvalho-Leandro D;dos Santos BS;de Menezes Lima VL;Ayres CF
通讯作者：
Ayres CF
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Alout H;Dabiré RK;Djogbénou LS;Abate L;Corbel V;Chandre F;Cohuet A
通讯作者：
Cohuet A
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Garcia GA;David MR;Martins AJ;Maciel-de-Freitas R;Linss JGB;Araújo SC;Lima JBP;Valle D
通讯作者：
Valle D
影响因子：
9.6
作者：
Bonizzoni M;Gasperi G;Chen X;James AA
通讯作者：
James AA
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Deming R;Manrique-Saide P;Medina Barreiro A;Cardeña EU;Che-Mendoza A;Jones B;Liebman K;Vizcaino L;Vazquez-Prokopec G;Lenhart A
通讯作者：
Lenhart A