Ptychographic X-ray nanotomography quantifies mineral distributions in human dentine
Ptychographic X-ray nanotomography quantifies mineral distributions in human dentine
复制标题
叠层X射线纳米断层扫描量化人类牙本质中的矿物质分布
作者：
I. Zanette;B. Enders;M. Dierolf;P. Thibault;Regine Gradl;A. Diaz;M. Guizar‐Sicairos;A. Menzel;F. Pfeiffer;P. Zaslansky
骨骼是具有生物可调机械性能的生物复合材料，其中纳米纤维胶原蛋白的聚合物基质由磷灰石矿物晶体增强。一些骨骼（例如鹿角）形成和变化迅速，而其他骨组织（例如人类牙齿牙本质）发育缓慢，并在整个一生中保持恒定的成分和结构。在研究磷灰石矿物质微结构、矿物质分布或骨形成细胞的矿化活性时，最好以亚微米分辨率研究代表性组织样本，同时最大限度地减少样本制备损伤。在这里，我们展示了叠层 X 射线断层扫描在三个维度和纳米尺度上绘制矿物质含量分布变化的能力。使用这种非破坏性方法，我们观察了人类牙本质形成牙本质小管中存在的中空管周围的纳米结构。我们揭示了超微结构前所未有的定量细节，清楚地揭示了空间变化的矿化密度。这些信息对于理解各种自然和治疗效果（例如骨组织愈合和衰老）至关重要。
Bones are bio-composites with biologically tunable mechanical properties, where a polymer matrix of nanofibrillar collagen is reinforced by apatite mineral crystals. Some bones, such as antler, form and change rapidly, while other bone tissues, such as human tooth dentine, develop slowly and maintain constant composition and architecture for entire lifetimes. When studying apatite mineral microarchitecture, mineral distributions or mineralization activity of bone-forming cells, representative samples of tissue are best studied at submicrometre resolution while minimizing sample-preparation damage. Here, we demonstrate the power of ptychographic X-ray tomography to map variations in the mineral content distribution in three dimensions and at the nanometre scale. Using this non-destructive method, we observe nanostructures surrounding hollow tracts that exist in human dentine forming dentinal tubules. We reveal unprecedented quantitative details of the ultrastructure clearly revealing the spatially varying mineralization density. Such information is essential for understanding a variety of natural and therapeutic effects for example in bone tissue healing and ageing.
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3
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