Urbanization and its implications for food and farming.
Urbanization and its implications for food and farming.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2010.0136
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发表时间：
2010-09-27
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tacoli C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Satterthwaite D;McGranahan G;Tacoli C
本文讨论了日益城市化的世界和食品生产者与食品消费者比例下降对食品和农业的影响。世界经济的迅速增长以及在世界生产总值中所占的比例和工业及服务企业中工人的比例的迅速增长，都是城市化的基础。在全球范围内，农业满足了快速增长的城市人口的需求，包括能源、土地、水和温室气体排放密集型的粮食需求。但数亿城市居民营养不良。因此，农业和城市化的关键问题是，能否在维持农业繁荣和减少农村和城市贫困的同时，维持不断增长的城市人口对农产品不断增长和变化的需求。除此之外，还需要减少温室气体排放，建立农业和城市发展对气候变化影响的复原力。该文件特别关注低收入和中等收入国家，因为这些国家拥有世界四分之三以上的城市人口和大多数最大城市，其中包括粮食安全问题最为紧迫的国家。
This paper discusses the influences on food and farming of an increasingly urbanized world and a declining ratio of food producers to food consumers. Urbanization has been underpinned by the rapid growth in the world economy and in the proportion of gross world product and of workers in industrial and service enterprises. Globally, agriculture has met the demands from this rapidly growing urban population, including food that is more energy-, land-, water- and greenhouse gas emission-intensive. But hundreds of millions of urban dwellers suffer under-nutrition. So the key issues with regard to agriculture and urbanization are whether the growing and changing demands for agricultural products from growing urban populations can be sustained while at the same time underpinning agricultural prosperity and reducing rural and urban poverty. To this are added the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to build resilience in agriculture and urban development to climate change impacts. The paper gives particular attention to low- and middle-income nations since these have more than three-quarters of the world's urban population and most of its largest cities and these include nations where issues of food security are most pressing.
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