Using archaeogenomic and computational approaches to unravel the history of local adaptation in crops.

Using archaeogenomic and computational approaches to unravel the history of local adaptation in crops.
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DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2013.0377
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发表时间:
2015-01-19
期刊:
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Smith O
Smith O
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Allaby RG;Gutaker R;Clarke AC;Pearson N;Ware R;Palmer SA;Kitchen JL;Smith O

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在过去的10年里,我们对驯化进化的理解发生了根本性的变化,从相对简单的快速起源到植物适应人类环境的漫长复杂过程。随着人类环境的变化,随着农业从其起源中心的扩张,植物的适应性也在继续。利用考古基因组学和计算模型,我们可以直接观察基因组进化,并了解植物如何适应人类环境和农业扩展的区域条件。我们已经应用了各种考古基因组学的方法作为范例,研究当地适应大麦抗旱性在Qasr Ibrim,埃及。我们展示了DNA捕获,古RNA,甲基化模式和DNA的效用,从低纬度地区保存条件限制古DNA研究的考古植物样本烧焦的遗骸在全新世的时间尺度。基因组水平的分析,现在是可能的,和当地适应的进化过程的复杂性意味着植物的研究将转移到基因组水平,并考虑在系统水平的方法选择基因的相互作用。通过这种方式,我们可以了解在农业跨越许多纬度的扩张过程中,植物是如何快速适应的。
Our understanding of the evolution of domestication has changed radically in the past 10 years, from a relatively simplistic rapid origin scenario to a protracted complex process in which plants adapted to the human environment. The adaptation of plants continued as the human environment changed with the expansion of agriculture from its centres of origin. Using archaeogenomics and computational models, we can observe genome evolution directly and understand how plants adapted to the human environment and the regional conditions to which agriculture expanded. We have applied various archaeogenomics approaches as exemplars to study local adaptation of barley to drought resistance at Qasr Ibrim, Egypt. We show the utility of DNA capture, ancient RNA, methylation patterns and DNA from charred remains of archaeobotanical samples from low latitudes where preservation conditions restrict ancient DNA research to within a Holocene timescale. The genomic level of analyses that is now possible, and the complexity of the evolutionary process of local adaptation means that plant studies are set to move to the genome level, and account for the interaction of genes under selection in systems-level approaches. This way we can understand how plants adapted during the expansion of agriculture across many latitudes with rapidity.
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