Effects of Psychopathy on Neurocognitive Domains of Impulsivity in Abstinent Opiate and Stimulant Users.
Effects of Psychopathy on Neurocognitive Domains of Impulsivity in Abstinent Opiate and Stimulant Users.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660810
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Vassileva J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Psederska E;Thomson ND;Bozgunov K;Nedelchev D;Vasilev G;Vassileva J
背景：精神病和物质使用障碍(SODS)都以神经认知损害为特征，反映出更高水平的冲动，如奖励驱动的决策和缺乏抑制控制。先前的研究表明，精神病可能会加剧决策缺陷，但它可能与物质依赖者(SDI)的其他神经认知障碍无关。本研究的目的是考察精神病及其人际情感和冲动反社会维度在调节不同类别药物依赖和冲动神经认知领域之间的关系方面所起的作用。方法：对693名受试者(海洛因单一依赖者112人、海洛因多物质依赖者71人、苯丙胺单依赖者115人、苯丙胺多物质依赖者76人、非物质依赖者319人)进行测试。受试者接受了《精神病检查表：筛选版》(PCL：SV)和七项测量冲动选择/决策的神经认知任务(爱荷华州赌博任务；剑桥赌博任务；Kirby延迟折扣任务；气球模拟风险任务)和冲动动作/反应抑制(进行/不进行任务、立即记忆任务和停止信号任务)。结果：一系列分层多元回归表明，精神病的人际情感维度调节决策、反应抑制与苯丙胺和海洛因依赖之间的联系，尽管不同。对于安非他明吸毒者来说，低水平的人际情感特征预示着在爱荷华州赌博任务中的决策能力较差，而在停止信号任务上的反应抑制程度较好。相比之下，在海洛因吸毒者中，高人际情感心理变态特征预示着在剑桥赌博任务中风险较低，在进行/不进行任务时反应抑制较好。精神变态的冲动-反社会维度预示着苯丙胺和海洛因使用者的反应抑制能力都很差。结论：精神变态及其维度对海洛因和苯丙胺依赖者的神经认知功能有共同和独特的影响。我们的结果表明，精神变态维度与对不同类别药物的依赖之间的特定交互作用可能导致SDI中决策和反应抑制表现的不足或优越，这表明精神变态可能矛盾地对特定亚类药物使用者的某些神经认知功能起到保护作用。
Background: Psychopathy and substance use disorders (SUDs) are both characterized by neurocognitive impairments reflecting higher levels of impulsivity such as reward-driven decision-making and deficient inhibitory control. Previous studies suggest that psychopathy may exacerbate decision-making deficits, but it may be unrelated to other neurocognitive impairments among substance dependent individuals (SDIs). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of psychopathy and its interpersonal-affective and impulsive-antisocial dimensions in moderating the relationships between dependence on different classes of drugs and neurocognitive domains of impulsivity. Method: We tested 693 participants (112 heroin mono-dependent individuals, 71 heroin polysubstance dependent individuals, 115 amphetamine mono-dependent individuals, 76 amphetamine polysubstance dependent individuals, and 319 non-substance dependent control individuals). Participants were administered the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) and seven neurocognitive tasks measuring impulsive choice/decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task; Cambridge Gambling Task; Kirby Delay Discounting Task; Balloon Analog Risk Task), and impulsive action/response inhibition (Go/No-Go Task, Immediate Memory Task, and Stop Signal Task). Results: A series of hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that the interpersonal-affective dimension of psychopathy moderated the association between decision-making, response inhibition and both amphetamine and heroin dependence, albeit differently. For amphetamine users, low levels of interpersonal-affective traits predicted poor decision-making on the Iowa Gambling Task and better response inhibition on the Stop Signal task. In contrast, in heroin users high interpersonal-affective psychopathy traits predicted lower risk taking on the Cambridge Gambling Task and better response inhibition on the Go/No-Go task. The impulsive-antisocial dimension of psychopathy predicted poor response inhibition in both amphetamine and heroin users. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that psychopathy and its dimensions had both common and unique effects on neurocognitive function in heroin and amphetamine dependent individuals. Our results suggest that the specific interactions between psychopathy dimensions and dependence on different classes of drugs may lead to either deficient or superior decision-making and response inhibition performance in SDIs, suggesting that psychopathy may paradoxically play a protective role for some neurocognitive functions in specific subtypes of substance users.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Crews, Fulton Timm;Boettiger, Charlotte Ann
通讯作者：
Boettiger, Charlotte Ann
DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2017.09.009
发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bickel WK;Mellis AM;Snider SE;Athamneh LN;Stein JS;Pope DA
通讯作者：
Pope DA
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Diergaarde, Leontien;Pattij, Tommy;De Vries, Taco J.
通讯作者：
De Vries, Taco J.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Blair, RJR;Colledge, E;Mitchell, DGV
通讯作者：
Mitchell, DGV
通过认知补救措施改变精神病和外在罪犯亚型的认知影响功能障碍。
DOI：
10.1177/2167702614560744
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baskin-Sommers AR;Curtin JJ;Newman JP
通讯作者：
Newman JP