Surveillance indicators for potential reduced exposure products (PREPs): developing survey items to measure awareness.
Surveillance indicators for potential reduced exposure products (PREPs): developing survey items to measure awareness.
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7517-6-27
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发表时间：
2009-10-19
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Pederson L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogen K;Biener L;Garrett CA;Allen J;Cummings KM;Hartman A;Marcus S;McNeill A;O'Connor RJ;Parascandola M;Pederson L
在过去的十年里，烟草公司推出了香烟和无烟烟草产品(称为潜在减少暴露产品，PREP)，据称某些毒素的水平低于传统香烟和无烟产品。公共卫生机构必须监测对这些产品的认识、兴趣、使用和看法，以便能够在最早阶段发现它们对人口健康的影响。本文从16项已发表和未发表的研究中回顾和评论了现有的衡量预科意识的策略。根据这些措施，我们开发了新的监测项目，并对它们进行了两轮认知测试，这是一种常见的、被接受的评估问卷措辞的方法。我们的综述表明，一些研究中报告的对Prep的高水平认识可能是不准确的。调查发现了两个可能的不准确来源：1)受访者将“无添加剂”和“天然”香烟错误归类为预备品的倾向；2)由于预备品品牌和类似名称的熟悉产品，例如日食口香糖和雅阁汽车的混淆，受访者倾向于错误地报告知晓度。在通过认知访谈评估新措施后，我们得出结论，截至2006年冬季，美国吸烟者对减少接触产品的知晓率可能在1%至8%之间，一些产品的估计值较高，出现在测试市场。对今后的调查提出了建议的测量策略。
Over the past decade, tobacco companies have introduced cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products (known as Potential Reduced Exposure Products, PREPs) with purportedly lower levels of some toxins than conventional cigarettes and smokeless products. It is essential that public health agencies monitor awareness, interest, use, and perceptions of these products so that their impact on population health can be detected at the earliest stages. This paper reviews and critiques existing strategies for measuring awareness of PREPs from 16 published and unpublished studies. From these measures, we developed new surveillance items and subjected them to two rounds of cognitive testing, a common and accepted method for evaluating questionnaire wording. Our review suggests that high levels of awareness of PREPs reported in some studies are likely to be inaccurate. Two likely sources of inaccuracy in awareness measures were identified: 1) the tendency of respondents to misclassify "no additive" and "natural" cigarettes as PREPs and 2) the tendency of respondents to mistakenly report awareness as a result of confusion between PREPs brands and similarly named familiar products, for example, Eclipse chewing gum and Accord automobiles. After evaluating new measures with cognitive interviews, we conclude that as of winter 2006, awareness of reduced exposure products among U.S. smokers was likely to be between 1% and 8%, with the higher estimates for some products occurring in test markets. Recommended measurement strategies for future surveys are presented.
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