Emotional memory can be persistently weakened by suppressing cortisol during retrieval
Emotional memory can be persistently weakened by suppressing cortisol during retrieval
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在检索过程中抑制皮质醇可能会持续削弱情绪记忆
DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2015.01.010
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Born J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rimmele U;Besedovsky L;Lange T;Born J.
皮质醇对记忆的影响遵循倒u型函数，因此在极低浓度下记忆检索受损，可能是由于高仿射矿皮质激素受体（MR）激活不足，或者在极高浓度下，由于主要的低仿射糖皮质激素受体（GR）激活。通过相应的再编码变化，皮质醇的检索效应可能转化为被检索记忆的持续性变化。我们测试了美替拉酮对早晨皮质醇合成的部分抑制，导致中间的，昼夜最低点水平，假定主要的MR激活，是否改善了检索，特别是情绪记忆，并持续改变记忆。在一项随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、受试者交叉设计中，18名男性在凌晨4点口服美替拉酮（1g）和安慰剂，以抑制早晨皮质醇的上升。在给药后4小时评估情绪性和中性文本和图片的检索（3天前学习），一周后进行第二次评估。在检索测试时，美替拉酮抑制内源性皮质醇释放至昼夜最低点当量水平。与我们的预期相反，美替拉酮显著损害了情绪文本的自由回忆（p< 0.05），而对中性文本或图片的检索则未受影响。一周后，受试者对美替拉酮组的情感文本的记忆仍低于安慰剂组（p< 0.05）。我们发现，将早晨皮质醇的浓度抑制到最低点不仅会损害急性记忆，还会持续削弱情绪记忆，这证实了皮质醇的检索效应可能通过影响重新编码来产生持续的记忆变化。
Cortisol’s effects on memory follow an inverted U-shaped function such that memory retrieval is impaired with very low concentrations, presumably due to insufficient activation of high-affine mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), or with very high concentrations, due to predominant low-affine glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. Through corresponding changes in re-encoding, the retrieval effect of cortisol might translate into a persistent change of the retrieved memory. We tested whether partial suppression of morning cortisol synthesis by metyrapone, leading to intermediate, circadian nadir-like levels with presumed predominant MR activation, improves retrieval, particularly of emotional memory, and persistently changes the memory. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subject cross-over design, 18 men were orally administered metyrapone (1 g) vs. placebo at 4:00 AM to suppress the morning cortisol rise. Retrieval of emotional and neutral texts and pictures (learned 3 days earlier) was assessed 4 h after substance administration and a second time one week later. Metyrapone suppressed endogenous cortisol release to circadian nadir-equivalent levels at the time of retrieval testing. Contrary to our expectations, metyrapone significantly impaired free recall of emotional texts (p< .05), whereas retrieval of neutral texts or pictures remained unaffected. One week later, participants still showed lower memory for emotional texts in the metyrapone than placebo condition (p< .05). Our finding that suppressing morning cortisol to nadir-like concentrations not only impairs acute retrieval, but also persistently weakens emotional memories corroborates the concept that retrieval effects of cortisol produce persistent memory changes, possibly by affecting re-encoding.
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2012.254
发表时间：
2013-04
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Marin, Marie-France;Hupbach, Almut;Lupien, Sonia J.
通讯作者：
Lupien, Sonia J.
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Lupien, SJ;Gillin, CJ;Hauger, RL
通讯作者：
Hauger, RL
盐皮质激素和糖皮质激素受体及其对艾迪生氏病患者记忆表现的不同影响
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
M. Tytherleigh;K. Vedhara;S. Lightman
通讯作者：
S. Lightman
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Schilling, Thomas M.;Koelsch, Monika;Schaechinger, Hartmut
通讯作者：
Schaechinger, Hartmut