Does reconsolidation occur in humans?

Does reconsolidation occur in humans?
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DOI:
10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00024
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Phelps EA
Phelps EA
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schiller D;Phelps EA

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在过去的十年中,非人类动物的再巩固证据迅速积累,为跨物种和记忆范式的这种现象提供了令人信服的证明。与此形成鲜明对比的是,迄今为止人类重新整合的证据很少。造成这种差异的一个主要原因是目前用于研究再巩固的技术具有侵入性,难以应用于人类。例如,再巩固的药理学阻断通常用于动物作为概念的证明。然而,这些研究中使用的大多数化合物对人体都是有毒的,这些化合物是安全的,与靶标相关,但不是直接的再巩固机制。因此,尽管人类的再巩固是一种假设,但它确实存在的证据有限。人类再巩固的最佳证据来自非侵入性技术,这种技术在再巩固过程中“更新”记忆,而不是阻止记忆,这种技术很少用于动物研究。在这里,我们讨论人类重新整合的现状和未来的挑战。我们回顾了使用侵入性和非侵入性技术对情感联想、情景性和程序性记忆重新巩固的研究结果。我们讨论了对这些结果的可能解释,试图调和一些不一致之处,并为未来的研究提出了一个概念框架。
Evidence for reconsolidation in non-human animals has accumulated rapidly in the last decade, providing compelling` demonstration for this phenomenon across species and memory paradigms. In vast contrast, scant evidence exists for human reconsolidation to date. A major reason for this discrepancy is the invasive nature of current techniques used to investigate reconsolidation, which are difficult to apply in humans. Pharmacological blockade of reconsolidation, for example, has been typically used in animals as a proof of concept. However, most compounds used in these studies are toxic for humans, and those compounds that are safe target related, but not direct mechanisms of reconsolidation. Thus, although human reconsolidation has been hypothesized, there is limited evidence it actually exists. The best evidence for human reconsolidation emerges from non-invasive techniques that “update” memory during reconsolidation rather than block it, a technique only rarely used in animal research. Here we discuss the current state of human reconsolidation and the challenges ahead. We review findings on reconsolidation of emotional associative, episodic, and procedural memories, using invasive and non-invasive techniques. We discuss the possible interpretation of these results, attempt to reconcile some inconsistencies, and suggest a conceptual framework for future research.
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