An integrated, structure- and energy-based view of the genetic code.

An integrated, structure- and energy-based view of the genetic code.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkw608
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发表时间:
2016-09-30
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Westhof E
Westhof E
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grosjean H;Westhof E

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mRNA解码的原理在所有现存的生命形式中都是保守的。我们提出了mRNA, tRNA和rRNA之间所有相互作用网络的综合观点:密码子-反密码子双工的内在稳定性,反密码子发夹的构象,修饰核苷酸的存在,密码子-反密码子螺旋中非沃森-克里克对的出现以及与rRNA碱基在a位点解码位点的相互作用。我们得到了一个信息更丰富的遗传密码的替代表示,它是圆形的,密码子分布不对称,导致富含gc的4密码子盒和富含au的2:2密码子盒和3:1密码子盒之间的明显隔离。所有tRNA序列的变化可以可视化,在一个内部结构和能量框架,为每个生物体,每个反密码子的意义密码子。反密码子环第34和37位核苷酸修饰的多样性和复杂性有意义地分离,并且与稳定富含au的密码子-反密码子对和避免分裂密码子盒中错误编码的必要性密切相关。遗传密码的进化和扩展最初被认为是基于GC含量,然后逐渐引入A/U和tRNA修饰。我们提出的表示应该有助于遗传密码的工程,包括非天然氨基酸。
The principles of mRNA decoding are conserved among all extant life forms. We present an integrative view of all the interaction networks between mRNA, tRNA and rRNA: the intrinsic stability of codon–anticodon duplex, the conformation of the anticodon hairpin, the presence of modified nucleotides, the occurrence of non-Watson–Crick pairs in the codon–anticodon helix and the interactions with bases of rRNA at the A-site decoding site. We derive a more information-rich, alternative representation of the genetic code, that is circular with an unsymmetrical distribution of codons leading to a clear segregation between GC-rich 4-codon boxes and AU-rich 2:2-codon and 3:1-codon boxes. All tRNA sequence variations can be visualized, within an internal structural and energy framework, for each organism, and each anticodon of the sense codons. The multiplicity and complexity of nucleotide modifications at positions 34 and 37 of the anticodon loop segregate meaningfully, and correlate well with the necessity to stabilize AU-rich codon–anticodon pairs and to avoid miscoding in split codon boxes. The evolution and expansion of the genetic code is viewed as being originally based on GC content with progressive introduction of A/U together with tRNA modifications. The representation we present should help the engineering of the genetic code to include non-natural amino acids.
测试最接近的邻居模型的规范RNA碱基对:GU参数的修订。
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