Does resistance really carry a fitness cost?
Does resistance really carry a fitness cost?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cois.2017.04.011
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Bass C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ffrench-Constant RH;Bass C
预计新的抗性突变成本高昂，但这很少在现场得到证实。预计健身成本将被“修饰”基因座抵消，但具体例子很少。抗性突变可以是预先存在的多态性或通过性对抗来维持。抗性基因座的重复可以在永久杂合中维持易感副本。 CRISPR-CAS 可用于在确定的遗传背景下产生突变，用于未来的健身研究。人们普遍认为杀虫剂抗性突变会带来健康成本。然而，衡量此类成本的研究很少针对遗传相关菌株进行，并且通常仅在实验室中进行。理论还表明，一旦进化，阻力的成本就可以通过适应性调节剂的进化来抵消。但对于杀虫剂抗性，只有一个这样的例子有据可查。在这里，我们批判性地研究了有关在没有农药的情况下适应成本的文献，并询问我们的分子生物学知识是否有助于我们预测与不同抗性机制相关的成本。我们发现抗性等位基因可以由预先存在的多态性产生，并且抗性相关的变异也可以通过性对抗来维持。我们描述了抗性和易感等位基因可以保持永久杂合的新机制，并讨论了存在和不存在农药的情况下对健康的可能影响。总而言之，这些发现表明，我们不能假设耐药性总是从头出现，并且我们对相关适应性成本的假设需要通过对基础分子生物学的更深入了解来了解。
New resistance mutations are predicted to be costly but this is rarely shown in the field. Fitness costs are predicted to be offset by ‘modifier’ loci but specific examples are rare. Resistance mutations can be pre-existing polymorphisms or maintained by sexual antagonism. Duplication of resistance loci can maintain a susceptible copy in permanent heterozygosis. CRISPR-CAS can be used to make mutations in a defined genetic background for future fitness studies. Insecticide resistance mutations are widely assumed to carry fitness costs. However studies to measure such costs are rarely performed on genetically related strains and are often only done in the laboratory. Theory also suggests that once evolved the cost of resistance can be offset by the evolution of fitness modifiers. But for insecticide resistance only one such example is well documented. Here we critically examine the literature on fitness costs in the absence of pesticide and ask if our knowledge of molecular biology has helped us predict the costs associated with different resistance mechanisms. We find that resistance alleles can arise from pre-existing polymorphisms and resistance associated variation can also be maintained by sexual antagonism. We describe novel mechanisms whereby both resistant and susceptible alleles can be maintained in permanent heterozygosis and discuss the likely consequences for fitness both in the presence and absence of pesticide. Taken together these findings suggest that we cannot assume that resistance always appears de novo and that our assumptions about the associated fitness costs need to be informed by a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular biology.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Berger M;Puinean AM;Randall E;Zimmer CT;Silva WM;Bielza P;Field LM;Hughes D;Mellor I;Hassani-Pak K;Siqueira HA;Williamson MS;Bass C
通讯作者：
Bass C
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Foster, SP;Denholm, I;Devonshire, AL
通讯作者：
Devonshire, AL
DOI：
10.1534/g3.116.031054
发表时间：
2016-08-09
期刊：
G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Battlay P;Schmidt JM;Fournier-Level A;Robin C
通讯作者：
Robin C
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Arnaud, L;Haubruge, E
通讯作者：
Haubruge, E
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Coustau, C;Chevillon, C;ffrench-Constant, R
通讯作者：
ffrench-Constant, R