Areca nut dependence among chewers in a South Indian community who do not also use tobacco.
Areca nut dependence among chewers in a South Indian community who do not also use tobacco.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02952.x
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发表时间：
2010-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nichter M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhat SJ;Blank MD;Balster RL;Nichter M;Nichter M
本研究的目的是使用既定的测量尺度，在一个大的、有代表性的只服用槟榔（即不服用烟草）的咀嚼者样本中检验槟榔依赖的证据。还收集了有关这一人群使用模式的信息。2005年对印度卡纳塔克邦的59名日常咀嚼者进行了调查。调查问卷评估了咀嚼史、使用模式和依赖特征。此外，还评估了地形与依赖评分之间的关系。大约一半的受访者表示每天咀嚼1-3次（平均值= 1.9;SD = 0.98）。平均咀嚼次数为4.4次/d (SD = 3.4)，平均坚果数量为1.2次/d （SD = 1.1）。使用者通常要咀嚼长达20分钟，包括吐出果汁和用水漱口。总的来说，报告的依赖症状水平很低，但大约44%的咀嚼者承认至少有以下一项：尽管生病或受伤仍继续使用，在禁止的地方难以控制咀嚼，或在禁食期间渴望。大约15%的咀嚼者报告至少有一次戒烟尝试，13.6%的人在修改后的香烟依赖量表上得分表明依赖（得分bbbb16）。依赖性评分与使用频率呈正相关。在这个经常使用槟榔的样本中，没有观察到高度依赖，但许多使用者报告至少有一种症状，少数人有几种症状。在一小部分举报人中观察到的依赖程度值得进一步调查，作为可能存在槟榔依赖的证据。
The goal of this study was to examine evidence of areca dependence in a large, representative sample of areca-only (i.e., no tobacco) chewers using established measurement scales. Information was also gathered on use patterns in this population. Daily chewers (N=59) from Karnataka State, India were surveyed in 2005. Questionnaires assessed chewing history, patterns of use, and dependence features. Additionally, the relationship between topography and dependence scores was evaluated. Approximately half of respondents reported 1–3 chews/day (mean = 1.9; SD = 0.98). The average number of chewing episodes/day was 4.4 (SD = 3.4) and the average number of nuts/day was 1.2 (SD = 1.1). Users’ typical chew lasts up to 20 minutes and includes spitting out the juices and rinsing the mouth with water. Overall, the levels of reported dependence symptoms were low, but approximately 44% of chewers endorsed at least one of the following items: continued use despite illness or wounds, difficulty refraining from chewing in forbidden places, or craving during periods of abstinence. Approximately 15% of chewers reported at least one quit attempt, and 13.6% had scores indicative of dependence on the modified Cigarette Dependence Scale (Score >16). Dependence scores were positively correlated with frequency of use. High levels of dependence were not observed in this sample of regular betel-only users, but many users reported at least one symptom and a few had several symptoms. The levels of dependence observed in a subset of informants’ warrant further investigation as evidence for possible betel dependence.
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影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Lin, Wen-Yuan;Chiu, Tai-Yuan;Huang, Kuo-Chin
通讯作者：
Huang, Kuo-Chin
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Jankowiak, W;Bradburd, D
通讯作者：
Bradburd, D
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Hughes, JR;Oliveto, AH;Howard, T
通讯作者：
Howard, T
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Chandra, PS;Carey, MP;Jairam, KR
通讯作者：
Jairam, KR
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Benegal, Vivek;Rajkumar, Ravi P.;Muralidharan, Kesavan
通讯作者：
Muralidharan, Kesavan