Hydrogels and scaffolds for immunomodulation.
Hydrogels and scaffolds for immunomodulation.
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.201402105
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Peppas, Nicholas A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singh, Ankur;Peppas, Nicholas A.
二十多年来，免疫学家和生物材料科学家在平行世界中共存，其基本原理是了解疫苗接种、植入和治疗不治之症的免疫反应的分子特征。基于生物材料的免疫疗法领域的大部分依赖于评估模型抗原，例如小鼠模型中的鸡蛋卵清蛋白，但它们与人类的相关性一直是很多讨论的焦点。尽管如此，此类模型抗原提供了有关免疫调节机制的重要见解，并作为大量基于生物材料的疫苗的概念验证。经过多年广泛开发用于免疫调节的多种生物材料，直到最近，植入皮下的实验性支架疫苗才开始使用人体模型，通过共同递送患者来源的肿瘤裂解物和免疫调节蛋白来研究对癌症疫苗接种的免疫反应。如果成功，这种支架疫苗将改变我们治疗无法治疗的癌症的方式，但更重要的是，将允许更快、更合理地将治疗方案转化为其他癌症、慢性感染和自身免疫性疾病。大多数材料评论都集中在免疫调节佐剂和微纳米颗粒上。在这里，我们深入了解新兴的基于水凝胶和支架的免疫调节方法，这些方法继续证明对免疫相关疾病的功效。
For over two decades, immunologists and biomaterials scientists have co-existed in parallel world with the rationale of understanding the molecular profile of immune responses to vaccination, implantation, and treating incurable diseases. Much of the field of biomaterials-based immunotherapy has relied on evaluating model antigens such as chicken egg ovalbumin in mouse models but their relevance to humans has been point of much discussion. Nevertheless, such model antigens have provided important insights about the mechanisms of immune regulation and served as a proof-of-concept for plethora of biomaterials-based vaccines. After years of extensive development of numerous biomaterials for immunomodulation, it is only recently that an experimental scaffold vaccine implanted beneath the skin has begun to use the human model to study the immune responses to cancer vaccination by co-delivering patient-derived tumor lysates and immunomodulatory proteins. If successful, this scaffold vaccine will change the way we approached untreatable cancers, but more importantly, will allow a faster and more rational translation of therapeutic regimes to other cancers, chronic infections, and autoimmune diseases. Most materials reviews have focused on immunomodulatory adjuvants and micro-nano-particles. Here we provide an insight into emerging hydrogel and scaffold based immunomodulatory approaches that continue to demonstrate efficacy against immune associated diseases.
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