Tick-Borne Viruses and Biological Processes at the Tick-Host-Virus Interface.
Tick-Borne Viruses and Biological Processes at the Tick-Host-Virus Interface.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2017.00339
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Nuttall PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazimírová M;Thangamani S;Bartíková P;Hermance M;Holíková V;Štibrániová I;Nuttall PA
蜱是虫媒病毒的有效载体，尽管已知不到10%的蜱物种是病毒载体。大多数蜱传病毒（tick-borne viruses，TBV）是RNA病毒，其中一些病毒在世界范围内引起人类和动物的严重疾病。最近发现一些影响人类或家养动物健康的TBV出现或重新出现。为了在自然界中生存，TBV必须在脊椎动物和蜱细胞中感染和复制，这代表了非常不同的生理环境。关于TBV在蜱和脊椎动物细胞中感染和复制之间转换的分子机制的信息很少。一般来说，蜱成功地完成了它们的血餐，这要归功于它们唾液中大量的生物活性分子，这些分子抵消和调节宿主防御反应的不同分支（止血、炎症、先天性和获得性免疫以及伤口愈合）。TBV的传播主要发生在蜱虫进食期间，并且是一个复杂的过程，已知由蜱虫唾液成分促进。然而，TBV传播的潜在分子机制知之甚少。蜱唾液的免疫调节特性有助于克服蜱-宿主皮肤界面处的损伤和早期相互作用的第一道防线，这在成功的TBV传播和易感脊椎动物宿主的感染中似乎是必不可少的。蜱附着的局部宿主皮肤部位受蜱唾液的调节，是病毒复制的重要场所。在不存在宿主病毒血症的情况下，蜱附着位点的免疫调节也促进病毒从感染蜱向未感染蜱的共食传播（非病毒血症传播）。未来的研究应致力于识别促进病毒传播的关键蜱唾液分子，以及蜱-宿主-病毒相互作用和蜱介导的皮肤免疫调节的分子描述。这些见解将使抗蜱疫苗的基本原理设计，防止由蜱传病毒引起的疾病。
Ticks are efficient vectors of arboviruses, although less than 10% of tick species are known to be virus vectors. Most tick-borne viruses (TBV) are RNA viruses some of which cause serious diseases in humans and animals world-wide. Several TBV impacting human or domesticated animal health have been found to emerge or re-emerge recently. In order to survive in nature, TBV must infect and replicate in both vertebrate and tick cells, representing very different physiological environments. Information on molecular mechanisms that allow TBV to switch between infecting and replicating in tick and vertebrate cells is scarce. In general, ticks succeed in completing their blood meal thanks to a plethora of biologically active molecules in their saliva that counteract and modulate different arms of the host defense responses (haemostasis, inflammation, innate and acquired immunity, and wound healing). The transmission of TBV occurs primarily during tick feeding and is a complex process, known to be promoted by tick saliva constituents. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of TBV transmission are poorly understood. Immunomodulatory properties of tick saliva helping overcome the first line of defense to injury and early interactions at the tick-host skin interface appear to be essential in successful TBV transmission and infection of susceptible vertebrate hosts. The local host skin site of tick attachment, modulated by tick saliva, is an important focus of virus replication. Immunomodulation of the tick attachment site also promotes co-feeding transmission of viruses from infected to non-infected ticks in the absence of host viraemia (non-viraemic transmission). Future research should be aimed at identification of the key tick salivary molecules promoting virus transmission, and a molecular description of tick-host-virus interactions and of tick-mediated skin immunomodulation. Such insights will enable the rationale design of anti-tick vaccines that protect against disease caused by tick-borne viruses.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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