The dynamics of decision making in risky choice: an eye-tracking analysis.
The dynamics of decision making in risky choice: an eye-tracking analysis.
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风险选择中决策的动力：令人眼花proc脚的分析。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00335
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Glöckner A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fiedler S;Glöckner A
在过去的几年里，对风险选择的研究已经超越了只分析选择的范畴。已经提出了旨在描述潜在认知过程的模型，一些研究已经测试了这些模型的过程预测。突出的方法是证据积累模型，如决策场理论(DFT)，简单的连续启发式模型，如自适应工具箱，以及连接主义方法，如并行约束满足(PCS)模型。在两项涉及注意力测量和瞳孔扩大的研究中，我们调查了从这些模型中得出的假设，在两次赌博中做出选择，每一次赌博都有两种结果。我们发现，对赌博结果的关注随着其概率和价值的增加而增加，并且在大约三分之二的决策过程之后，注意力转移到随后被青睐的赌博上，这表明了凝视-级联效应。信息搜索大多发生在赌局内部，搜索的方向在决策过程中不会改变。反映认知努力和觉醒的瞳孔扩大在决策过程中增加，并随着平均期望值的增加而增加。总体而言，结果支持风险选择的自动集成模型的各个方面，如DFT和PCS，但在其当前的规范中，它们都不能解释结果的全部模式。
In the last years, research on risky choice has moved beyond analyzing choices only. Models have been suggested that aim to describe the underlying cognitive processes and some studies have tested process predictions of these models. Prominent approaches are evidence accumulation models such as decision field theory (DFT), simple serial heuristic models such as the adaptive toolbox, and connectionist approaches such as the parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) model. In two studies involving measures of attention and pupil dilation, we investigate hypotheses derived from these models in choices between two gambles with two outcomes each. We show that attention to an outcome of a gamble increases with its probability and its value and that attention shifts toward the subsequently favored gamble after about two thirds of the decision process, indicating a gaze-cascade effect. Information search occurs mostly within-gambles, and the direction of search does not change over the course of decision making. Pupil dilation, which reflects both cognitive effort and arousal, increases during the decision process and increases with mean expected value. Overall, the results support aspects of automatic integration models for risky choice such as DFT and PCS, but in their current specification none of them can account for the full pattern of results.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.02.003
发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Gloeckner, Andreas;Betsch, Tilmann
通讯作者：
Betsch, Tilmann
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Camilleri, Adrian R.;Newell, Ben R.
通讯作者：
Newell, Ben R.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Diederich, A
通讯作者：
Diederich, A
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Brandstätter E;Gigerenzer G;Hertwig R
通讯作者：
Hertwig R
影响因子：
2
作者：
Ayal, Shahar;Hochman, Guy
通讯作者：
Hochman, Guy