Diaphragms and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV.

Diaphragms and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV.
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用于预防艾滋病毒的隔膜和润滑凝胶。

DOI:
10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61764-4
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发表时间:
2007
期刊:
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shelton,JamesD
Shelton,JamesD
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shelton,JamesD

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Nancy Padian及其同事(7月21日,第251页)1发现子宫帽加润滑剂凝胶对HIV感染的保护作用“超过和超过避孕套”。具体来说,他们发现干预组和对照组的感染率相似,对照组在最后一次性行为中使用避孕套的比例更高(85%对54%)。因此,令我惊讶的是,帕迪安和同事并没有报告这一点--研究队列中报告使用或不使用避孕套的人使用避孕套本身的功效(如果有的话)。这一点很重要,因为对结果的另一种解释可能是子宫帽与避孕套“一样好”,因此结果可以支持子宫帽预防艾滋病毒的建议。评估避孕套的有效性是困难的,因为避孕套的使用似乎往往是一个标志的风险增加。然而,参与研究的妇女都有一些重大的风险,报告的避孕套使用率相当高。此外,Padian和同事们似乎已经收集了大量关于避孕套使用和各种风险因素的信息,这应该为控制混杂变量提供了机会,也许还能评估避孕套使用的程度。如果避孕套对艾滋病毒的有效性很高,这样的发现可能会证明子宫帽也有保护作用。然而,如果避孕套实际上是随意使用的,或者更多地反映了“规范”的积极反应,因此不是很有效,那么它也会认为避孕膜没有多大作用。考虑到相当高的感染率(每年4%),很可能避孕套和子宫帽都没有特别的保护作用。
Nancy Padian and colleagues (July 21, p 251) 1 found no protective effect against HIV infection of diaphragms plus lubricant gel “over and above that of condoms”. Specifically, they saw similar rates of infection in the intervention and control groups, with higher reported condom use at last sex in the control group (85% vs 54%). I am surprised, therefore, that Padian and colleagues did not report on that very point—the efficacy of condom use itself (if any) by those reporting use or no use of condoms within the study cohort. This point is important because an alternative interpretation of the results might be that diaphragms are “just as good” as condoms and thus the results could support the recommendation of diaphragms to prevent HIV. Assessment of the effectiveness of condoms is difficult since con dom use paradoxically often seems to be a marker of elevated risk. However, women recruited to the study were all at some significant risk and reported condom use was quite high. Moreover, Padian and colleagues seem to have collected rich information about condom use and various risk factors, which should offer the opportunity for some control of confounding variables and perhaps assessment of the degree of condom use.If condom effectiveness against HIV was high, such a finding might argue that diaphragms might also be protective. However if condoms were actually used rather haphazardly or reflect more the “normative” positive response, and were hence not very effective, it argues for lack of much effect for diaphragms as well. In view of the rather high rates of infection (4% per year), it might well be that neither condoms nor diaphragms were especially protective.
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