Role of Diet-Microbiome Interaction in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Strategies to Modulate Them with Microbiome-Targeted Therapies.

Role of Diet-Microbiome Interaction in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Strategies to Modulate Them with Microbiome-Targeted Therapies.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-094908
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发表时间:
2023-08-21
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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饮食是健康的重要决定因素,因此经常与疾病的发展有关,特别是胃肠道 (GI) 疾病,因为与膳食相关的症状的发生率很高。饮食驱动的病理生理学机制尚不清楚,但最近的研究表明肠道微生物群可能介导饮食对胃肠道生理学的影响。在这篇综述中,我们主要关注两种不同的胃肠道疾病,其中饮食的作用得到了最好的研究:肠易激综合征和炎症性肠病。我们讨论了宿主和肠道微生物群对膳食营养素的同时和顺序利用如何决定肠道中最终的生物活性代谢物特征以及这些代谢物对胃肠道生理学的生物效应。我们强调了可以从这些发现中收集到的几个概念,例如单个代谢物的不同作用如何影响不同的胃肠道疾病,类似的饮食干预对多种疾病状态的影响,以及需要广泛的表型分析和数据收集以帮助提出个性化饮食建议。
Diet is an important determinant of health and consequently is often implicated in the development of disease, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, given the high prevalence of meal-related symptoms. The mechanisms underlying diet-driven pathophysiology are not well understood, but recent studies suggest that gut microbiota may mediate the effect of diet on GI physiology. In this review, we focus primarily on two distinct GI diseases where the role of diet has been best studied: irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. We discuss how the concurrent and sequential utilization of dietary nutrients by the host and gut microbiota determines the eventual bioactive metabolite profiles in the gut and the biological effect of these metabolites on GI physiology. We highlight several concepts that can be gleaned from these findings, such as how distinct effects of an individual metabolite can influence diverse GI diseases, the effect of similar dietary interventions on multiple disease states, and the need for extensive phenotyping and data collection to help make personalized diet recommendations.
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