Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco users: clinical evaluation methodology.
Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco users: clinical evaluation methodology.
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DOI：
10.1080/14622200802323258
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发表时间：
2008-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eissenberg T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray JN;Breland AB;Weaver M;Eissenberg T
针对无烟烟草(SLT)使用者的几种潜在的减少暴露产品(PREP)在美国上市，尽管它们的效果在很大程度上是未知的。这些产品包括一些烟草特有亚硝胺(TSN)含量较低的产品，如压榨烟草片剂Stonewall和瑞典生产的潮湿鼻烟产品General Snus。评估吸烟者的毒物暴露和香烟样预备物影响的方法已经开发出来，并可能被修改用于评估SLT使用者的预备物。这份报告描述了两项研究，考察了SLT使用者的毒物暴露和两种Prep的影响。研究1(n=13)包括四个4.5小时的实验室会议，其中SLT产品(自有品牌、石墙、普通鼻烟和无烟安慰剂)使用四个30分钟的情节，并测量尼古丁暴露和烟草/尼古丁戒断症状。研究2(n=19)包括四个为期5天的临时吸烟期，参与者使用自有品牌、石墙、普通鼻塞或不使用SLT，并测量尿尼古丁代谢物(可替宁)和硝酸甘油4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNAL)水平以及戒断症状。与自有品牌相比，Stonewall与更低水平的可替宁和NNAL有关，而General Snus与类似水平的可替宁和更低水平的NNAL相关。戒烟症状通常在不同的烟草条件下没有不同。这些结果表明，临床实验室方法可以用来评估SLT使用者与PREP相关的毒物暴露和戒断症状的抑制。
Several potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco (SLT) users are marketed in the United States, though their effects are largely unknown. These products include some that are low in tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNs), like Stonewall, a pressed tobacco tablet, and General snus, a moist snuff product produced in Sweden. Methodology assessing the toxicant exposure and effects of cigarette-like PREPs for smokers has been developed, and might be modified for use in evaluating PREPs for SLT users. This report describes two studies examining the toxicant exposure and effects of two PREPs for SLT users. Study 1 (n = 13) consisted of four 4.5-hr laboratory sessions where SLT products (own brand, Stonewall, General snus, and tobacco-free placebo) were used for four 30-min episodes and nicotine exposure and tobacco/nicotine abstinence symptoms were measured. Study 2 (n = 19) consisted of four 5-day ad libitum use periods when participants used own brand, Stonewall, General snus, or no SLT and urinary levels of metabolites of nicotine (cotinine) and the TSN 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNAL) and abstinence symptoms were measured. Compared with own brand, Stonewall was associated with lower levels of cotinine and NNAL, while General snus was associated with similar levels of cotinine and lower levels of NNAL. Abstinence symptoms generally did not differ across tobacco conditions. These results show that clinical laboratory methods can be used to evaluate the toxicant exposure and abstinence symptom suppression associated with PREPs for SLT users.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
BENOWITZ, NL;PORCHET, H;JACOB, P
通讯作者：
JACOB, P
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
Eissenberg, T
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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