X chromosome dosage compensation via enhanced transcriptional elongation in Drosophila.

X chromosome dosage compensation via enhanced transcriptional elongation in Drosophila.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature09757
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发表时间:
2011-03-03
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Kuroda MI
Kuroda MI
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Larschan E;Bishop EP;Kharchenko PV;Core LJ;Lis JT;Park PJ;Kuroda MI

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性染色体的进化导致了许多物种,其中雌性遗传了两条X染色体,但雄性只有一条X染色体,因此需要剂量补偿。MSL(雄性特异性致死)复合体增加果蝇雄性单个X染色体上的转录,以平衡性别之间X连锁基因的表达。用于剂量补偿的生化机制必须在广泛的动态范围内的转录水平和差异表达模式。Lucchesi(1998)提出MSL复合物调节转录延伸以控制剂量补偿,随后通过MSL复合物和MSL依赖性H4 K16乙酰化定位到雄性X连锁基因体,偏向3′端来支持该模型。然而,MSL功能在机制水平的实验分析一直是具有挑战性的,由于小幅度的染色体范围的影响和缺乏一个体外系统的生化分析。在这项研究中,我们使用全局运行测序(GRO-seq)来检查MSL复合物在全基因组水平上对RNA聚合酶II(RNAP II)的特异性作用。结果表明,MSL复合物通过促进RNAP II在活性X连锁基因体内的进展来增强转录。改善典型基因特异性控制下游的转录输出可能解释剂量补偿如何能够施加在整个染色体上的沿着不同的基因组上。
The evolution of sex chromosomes has resulted in numerous species in which females inherit two X chromosomes but males have a single X, thus requiring dosage compensation. MSL (Male-specific lethal) complex increases transcription on the single X chromosome of Drosophila males to equalize expression of X-linked genes between the sexes. The biochemical mechanisms utilized for dosage compensation must function over a wide dynamic range of transcription levels and differential expression patterns. Lucchesi (1998) proposed that MSL complex regulates transcriptional elongation to control dosage compensation, a model subsequently supported by mapping of MSL complex and MSL-dependent H4K16 acetylation to the bodies of X-linked genes in males, with a bias towards 3′ ends. However, experimental analysis of MSL function at the mechanistic level has been challenging due to the small magnitude of the chromosome-wide effect and the lack of an in vitro system for biochemical analysis. In this study, we use global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) to examine the specific effect of MSL complex on RNA Polymerase II (RNAP II) on a genome-wide level. Results indicate that MSL complex enhances transcription by facilitating the progression of RNAP II across the bodies of active X-linked genes. Improving transcriptional output downstream of typical gene-specific control may explain how dosage compensation can be imposed on the diverse set of genes along an entire chromosome.
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