Genomic insights into the origin of parasitism in the emerging plant pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
Genomic insights into the origin of parasitism in the emerging plant pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002219
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发表时间：
2011-09
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Berriman M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kikuchi T;Cotton JA;Dalzell JJ;Hasegawa K;Kanzaki N;McVeigh P;Takanashi T;Tsai IJ;Assefa SA;Cock PJ;Otto TD;Hunt M;Reid AJ;Sanchez-Flores A;Tsuchihara K;Yokoi T;Larsson MC;Miwa J;Maule AG;Sahashi N;Jones JT;Berriman M
嗜木线虫是造成亚洲和欧洲松树枯萎病毁灭性流行的线虫，它代表了线虫中植物寄生的一种最近的独立起源，在生态学和分类学上不同于可获得基因组数据的其他线虫。作为一种重要的病原菌，木芽孢杆菌基因组为研究植物寄生的进化和机制提供了独特的机会。在此，我们提出了一个高质量的草图基因组序列从B. xylophilus自交系，并利用它来研究其复杂的生态系统，包括真菌取食，植物寄生和昆虫相关阶段的生物学基础。我们特别关注推定的寄生基因以及与其他关键生物过程相关的基因，并证明嗜木杆菌具有RNA干扰效应、肽能神经递质（包括寄生虫中首次描述的ins基因）、应激反应和发育基因，并具有一组收缩的化学感觉受体。在已知的线虫中，B. xylophilus具有最多的消化蛋白酶，并显示出溶酶体途径基因、ABC转运蛋白和细胞色素P450途径基因的扩展家族。消化和解毒蛋白质的增加可能反映了它在生命周期中所利用的食物和所遇到的环境的不寻常的多样性。此外，B. xylophilus具有通过水平基因转移获得的植物细胞壁修饰蛋白的独特补体，强调了这一过程对线虫寄生植物进化的影响。再加上缺乏与其他植物寄生线虫的效应物同源的蛋白质，这证实了Bursaphelenchus谱系中植物寄生的独特分子基础。木嗜芽孢杆菌的基因组序列增加了线虫基因组数据的多样性，并将成为了解这种罕见寄生虫生物学的重要资源。松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）是造成亚洲和欧洲松树枯萎病流行的重要植物病原体。B. xylophilus已经获得了独立于其他经济上重要的线虫寄生植物的能力，并且具有复杂的生命周期，包括真菌取食和与昆虫相关的阶段，以及植物寄生。我们已经对嗜木杆菌的基因组进行了测序，并将其作为了解疾病机制及其复杂生态的生物学基础的资源。分解植物细胞壁的主要成分纤维素的能力是植物寄生线虫的一个主要问题，因为很少有动物能产生所需的酶（纤维素酶）。以前的研究表明，其他植物寄生线虫也从细菌中获得纤维素酶，但我们表明，所有Bursaphelenchus的纤维素酶最有可能是独立于真菌获得的。我们还描述了一组复杂的基因编码酶，可以分解蛋白质和其他分子，也许反映了B. xylophilus在其生命周期中与生物相互作用的范围。Bursaphelenchus的基因组序列是了解其生物学的重要一步，并将有助于控制其引起的毁灭性疾病。
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the nematode responsible for a devastating epidemic of pine wilt disease in Asia and Europe, and represents a recent, independent origin of plant parasitism in nematodes, ecologically and taxonomically distinct from other nematodes for which genomic data is available. As well as being an important pathogen, the B. xylophilus genome thus provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution and mechanism of plant parasitism. Here, we present a high-quality draft genome sequence from an inbred line of B. xylophilus, and use this to investigate the biological basis of its complex ecology which combines fungal feeding, plant parasitic and insect-associated stages. We focus particularly on putative parasitism genes as well as those linked to other key biological processes and demonstrate that B. xylophilus is well endowed with RNA interference effectors, peptidergic neurotransmitters (including the first description of ins genes in a parasite) stress response and developmental genes and has a contracted set of chemosensory receptors. B. xylophilus has the largest number of digestive proteases known for any nematode and displays expanded families of lysosome pathway genes, ABC transporters and cytochrome P450 pathway genes. This expansion in digestive and detoxification proteins may reflect the unusual diversity in foods it exploits and environments it encounters during its life cycle. In addition, B. xylophilus possesses a unique complement of plant cell wall modifying proteins acquired by horizontal gene transfer, underscoring the impact of this process on the evolution of plant parasitism by nematodes. Together with the lack of proteins homologous to effectors from other plant parasitic nematodes, this confirms the distinctive molecular basis of plant parasitism in the Bursaphelenchus lineage. The genome sequence of B. xylophilus adds to the diversity of genomic data for nematodes, and will be an important resource in understanding the biology of this unusual parasite. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an important plant pathogen, responsible for an epidemic of pine wilt disease in Asia and Europe. B. xylophilus has acquired the ability to parasitise plants independently from other economically important nematodes and has a complex life cycle that includes fungal feeding and a stage associated with an insect, as well as plant parasitism. We have sequenced the genome of B. xylophilus and used it as a resource to understand disease mechanisms and the biological basis of its complex ecology. The ability to break down cellulose, the major component of the plant cell wall, is a major problem for plant parasitic nematodes as few animals can produce the required enzymes (cellulases). Previous work has shown that other plant parasitic nematodes have acquired cellulases from bacteria but we show that all Bursaphelenchus cellulases were most likely acquired independently from fungi. We also describe a complex set of genes encoding enzymes that can break down proteins and other molecules, perhaps reflecting the range of organisms with which B. xylophilus interacts during its life cycle. The genome sequence of Bursaphelenchus represents an important step forward in understanding its biology, and will contribute to efforts to control the devastating disease it causes.
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DOI：
10.1093/bioinformatics/btp347
发表时间：
2009-08-01
期刊：
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Assefa S;Keane TM;Otto TD;Newbold C;Berriman M
通讯作者：
Berriman M
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Hasegawa, Koichi;Mota, Manuel M.;Miwa, Johji
通讯作者：
Miwa, Johji
影响因子：
30.8
作者：
Dieterich, Christoph;Clifton, Sandra W.;Schuster, Lisa N.;Chinwalla, Asif;Delehaunty, Kimberly;Dinkelacker, Iris;Fulton, Lucinda;Fulton, Robert;Godfrey, Jennifer;Minx, Pat;Mitreva, Makedonka;Roeseler, Waltraud;Tian, Huiyu;Witte, Hanh;Yang, Shiaw-Pyng;Wilson, Richard K.;Sommer, Ralf J.
通讯作者：
Sommer, Ralf J.
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Haas, Brian J.;Salzberg, Steven L.;Zhu, Wei;Pertea, Mihaela;Allen, Jonathan E.;Orvis, Joshua;White, Owen;Buell, C. Robin;Wortman, Jennifer R.
通讯作者：
Wortman, Jennifer R.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Ghedin, Elodie;Wang, Shiliang;Scott, Alan L.
通讯作者：
Scott, Alan L.