Evaluating bacterial community structures in oil collected from the sea surface and sediment in the northern Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Evaluating bacterial community structures in oil collected from the sea surface and sediment in the northern Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
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DOI：
10.1002/mbo3.89
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发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Liu, Jiqing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Zhanfei;Liu, Jiqing
关键词：
细菌群落结构进行了评估，在石油样品中使用培养独立的焦磷酸测序，包括石油摩丝收集在海面和盐沼在深水地平线石油泄漏，和石油沉积在沉积物中邻近的井口泄漏后1年。系统发育分析表明，在墨西哥湾沃茨表层，藻类中的红细菌属、红壳菌属、葡萄球菌属和海螺菌属是主要类群，这可能与高温和强光照有关。在从互花米草的叶子收集的慕斯，弧菌的Gammaproteobacteria代表总的操作分类单位的57%，这表明，这个土著属是特别敏感的石油污染盐沼。石油污染沉积物中的细菌群落高度多样化。相对较高丰度的甲基球菌属、甲基杆菌属、放线菌属、厚壁菌门和绿杆菌属细菌类似于在某些含有气体水合物的冷泉沉积物中发现的那些。石油污染沉积物上覆水体中的细菌群落主要由β-变形菌门的Ralstonia和γ-变形菌门的纤维素降解菌Degradans组成，表明石油污染沉积物对上覆水体的影响可能与生物降解过程中产生的小分子芳烃和生物表面活性剂的溶解有关。总的来说，这些结果提供了关键信息，需要评估该地区的石油降解和制定未来的生物修复战略。
Bacterial community structures were evaluated in oil samples using culture-independent pyrosequencing, including oil mousses collected on sea surface and salt marshes during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and oil deposited in sediments adjacent to the wellhead 1 year after the spill. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Erythrobacter, Rhodovulum, Stappia, and Thalassospira of Alphaproteobacteria were the prevailing groups in the oil mousses, which may relate to high temperatures and strong irradiance in surface Gulf waters. In the mousse collected from the leaves of Spartina alterniflora, Vibrio of Gammaproteobacteria represented 57% of the total operational taxonomic units, suggesting that this indigenous genus is particularly responsive to the oil contamination in salt marshes. The bacterial communities in oil-contaminated sediments were highly diversified. The relatively high abundance of the Methylococcus, Methylobacter, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chlorofexi bacteria resembles those found in certain cold-seep sediments with gas hydrates. Bacterial communities in the overlying water of the oil-contaminated sediment were dominated by Ralstonia of Betaproteobacteria, which can degrade small aromatics, and Saccharophagus degradans of Gammaproteobacteria, a cellulose degrader, suggesting that overlying water was affected by the oil-contaminated sediments, possibly due to the dissolution of small aromatics and biosurfactants produced during biodegradation. Overall, these results provided key information needed to evaluate oil degradation in the region and develop future bioremediation strategies.
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