Innovation as a policy strategy for natural resource protection
Innovation as a policy strategy for natural resource protection
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创新作为自然资源保护的政策战略
DOI：
10.1111/nrm.12231
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Peterson, Jeffrey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peterson, Jeffrey M.
不断增长的全球粮食需求对水资源造成了重大压力，包括质量受损和水资源日益短缺。本文利用外部性和技术创新方面的大量独立文献，建立了一个动态框架，以探讨替代政策方法对农业对水资源影响的长期影响。注重纠正环境外部性的环境政策带来了总体收益，因为减少环境损害足以抵消农民的成本。技术政策将公共投资导向农业生态创新，为农民和环境带来好处。联合执行这两类政策可带来最大的总体收益。原则上，技术政策本身比环境政策本身具有更大的环境效益。在新技术对生产率的影响很大而研究成本又很低的情况下，最有可能出现这种结果。对研究管理人员的建议作为传统环境政策的替代办法，对研究的投资可以提供双赢的解决方案，使环境和农业生产者受益。可以想象，生态创新可以带来比单纯的环境政策更好的环境条件。在现有的环境政策中增加研究投资与被认为会给农业带来成本的环境政策不同，技术政策给农民带来好处，而且不太可能面临来自产业界的政治反对。当生态创新带来的技术能够有效地减少环境影响并提高农业生产力时，技术政策可能是最有效的。
Growing global food demands place major strains on water resources, including quality impairments and increased water scarcity. Drawing on the largely separate bodies of literature on externalities and technological innovation, this article develops a dynamic framework to explore the long‐term impacts of alternative policy approaches to the agricultural impacts on water resources. Environmental policies, which focus on correcting environmental externalities, lead to an overall gain because costs to farmers are more than offset by reduced environmental damages. Technology policies, which direct public investments into agricultural eco‐innovations, lead to benefits for farmers as well as the environment. Joint implementation of both types of policies leads to the largest overall gain. In principle, a technology policy alone could have greater environmental benefits than an environmental policy alone. This outcome is most likely in cases where the productivity effect of new technology is large and the cost of research is low.Recommendations for research managersAs an alternative to traditional environmental policy, investments in research can provide win–win solutions that benefit the environment and agricultural producers.Conceivably, eco‐innovations could lead to environmental conditions that are better than those achieved by environmental policy alone.Adding research investments to existing environmental policy would lead to further improvements in environmental quality while also benefitting farmers.Unlike environmental policies that are perceived to impose costs on agriculture, technology policies impart benefits to farmers and are less likely to face political opposition from industry.Technology policies are likely to be the most effective when eco‐innovation leads to technologies that meaningfully reduce environmental impacts and also raise farm productivity.
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DOI：
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