Maturation Modulates Pharyngeal-Stimulus Provoked Pharyngeal and Respiratory Rhythms in Human Infants.

Maturation Modulates Pharyngeal-Stimulus Provoked Pharyngeal and Respiratory Rhythms in Human Infants.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00455-017-9833-z
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发表时间:
2018-03
期刊:
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Jadcherla SR
Jadcherla SR
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hasenstab KA;Sitaram S;Lang IM;Shaker R;Jadcherla SR

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咽部刺激引起的婴儿呼吸消化症状仍然是一个谜。咽部刺激的来源可以是顺行(如进食)和逆行(如胃食管反流)。我们确定了早产儿足月经后年龄(PMA)时,在多次咽部吞咽反应期间,针对性咽部刺激对咽部和呼吸波形的频率、稳定性和幅度的成熟和剂量反应影响。对 18 名婴儿(11 名男性)在 PMA 39.8 ± 4.8 周(时间 1)和 PMA 44.1 ± 5.8 周(时间 2)进行纵向研究。对婴儿进行同步咽食管测压、呼吸感应体积描记法和鼻气流热敏电阻方法,以测试咽、食管和气道之间的感觉运动相互作用。使用线性混合模型,数据表示为平均值±SEM或%。总体而言,分析了对 250 种刺激的反应。在多次咽部吞咽反应中(n=160),随着成熟:a)吞咽呼吸暂停持续时间减少(p<0.01),b)初始反应的咽部波形峰值数量和持续时间减少(p<0.01),随后的反应具有较小的变化和较高的稳定性(p<0.01)。随着刺激量的增加,我们注意到:a)咽部反应的发生率(%)增加(p<0.05),b)咽部峰值数量增加(p<0.05),但咽部频率(Hz)、变异性和稳定性不受影响(p>0.05),c)呼吸变化不受影响(p>0.05)。随着成熟,初始和随后的咽部反应以及呼吸节律的相互作用变得更加明显。间歇性口部运动体验和适应性反应的体积依赖性增加可能是有影响的。这些机制对于调节和恢复呼吸节律正常可能很重要。
Pharyngeal-provocation induced aerodigestive symptoms in infants remain an enigma. Sources of pharyngeal provocation can be anterograde as with feeding, and retrograde as in gastroesophageal reflux. We determined maturational and dose-response effects of targeted pharyngeal-stimulus on frequency, stability, and magnitude of pharyngeal and respiratory waveforms during multiple pharyngeal swallowing responses in preterm-born infants when they were of full-term postmenstrual age (PMA). Eighteen infants (11 male) were studied longitudinally at 39.8 ± 4.8 wks PMA (time-1) and 44.1 ± 5.8 wks PMA (time-2). Infants underwent concurrent pharyngo-esophageal manometry, respiratory inductance plethysmography, and nasal airflow thermistor methods to test sensory-motor interactions between the pharynx, esophagus, and airway. Linear mixed models were used and data presented as mean ± SEM or %. Overall, responses to 250 stimuli were analyzed. Of the multiple pharyngeal swallowing responses (n=160), with maturation: a) deglutition apnea duration decreases (p<0.01), b) number of pharyngeal waveform peaks and duration decreases for initial responses (p<0.01), and subsequent responses have lesser variation and greater stability (p<0.01). With increment in stimulus volumes we noted: a) increased prevalence (%) of pharyngeal responses (p<0.05), b) increased number of pharyngeal peaks (p<0.05), yet pharyngeal frequency (Hz), variability, and stability remain unaffected (p>0.05), and c) respiratory changes were unaffected (p>0.05). Initial and subsequent pharyngeal responses and respiratory rhythm interactions become more distinct with maturation. Interval oromotor experiences and volume-dependent increase in adaptive responses may be contributory. These mechanisms may be important in modulating and restoring respiratory rhythm normalcy.
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