Functional MRI of cerebellar activity during eyeblink classical conditioning in children and adults.
Functional MRI of cerebellar activity during eyeblink classical conditioning in children and adults.
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DOI：
10.1002/hbm.22261
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Jacobson, Sandra W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Dominic T.;Meintjes, Ernesta M.;Stanton, Mark E.;Desmond, John E.;Pienaar, Mariska;Dodge, Neil C.;Power, John M.;Molteno, Christopher D.;Disterhoft, John F.;Jacobson, Joseph L.;Jacobson, Sandra W.
本研究利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）对儿童和成人在眨眼经典条件反射（EBC）过程中的小脑活动进行了表征。在fMRI期间，参与者进行了延迟条件反射试验，其中条件刺激（音调）先于非条件刺激（角膜吹气），重叠并终止。在两个阶段同时测量眨眼行为反应和大脑激活：假条件反射，包括单独的音调和吹气，以及条件反射，在此期间音调和吹气是配对的。尽管所有的参与者都表现出明显的条件反射，但成年人比儿童产生更多的条件反射（CRs）。当假性条件反射期间的大脑激活减去条件反射期间引发的大脑激活时，所有参与者的小脑皮层（小腿I - II、侧小叶IV-IX和蚓部IV-VI）都有显著的活动，这表明联想学习相关的可塑性存在多个部位。尽管他们的行为表现不太理想，但儿童在桥脑、外侧小叶VIII、IX、I脚和VI蚓中表现出更大的反应，这表明他们可能需要更大的激活和/或补充结构的募集来实现成功的调节。相关分析显示，儿童小脑深部核（包括齿状核、尖状核和中间核）和第六蚓核的活动与行为反应呈正相关。这是第一个比较儿童和成人在眨眼经典条件反射过程中小脑皮层和深核激活的研究。
This study characterized human cerebellar activity during eyeblink classical conditioning (EBC) in children and adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During fMRI, participants were administered delay conditioning trials, in which the conditioned stimulus (a tone) precedes, overlaps, and coterminates with the unconditioned stimulus (a corneal airpuff). Behavioral eyeblink responses and brain activation were measured concurrently during two phases: pseudoconditioning, involving presentations of tone alone and airpuff alone, and conditioning, during which the tone and airpuff were paired. Although all participants demonstrated significant conditioning, the adults produced more conditioned responses (CRs) than the children. When brain activations during pseudoconditioning were subtracted from those elicited during conditioning, significant activity was distributed throughout the cerebellar cortex (Crus I– II, lateral lobules IV–IX, and vermis IV–VI) in all participants, suggesting multiple sites of associative learning-related plasticity. Despite their less optimal behavioral performance, the children showed greater responding in the pons, lateral lobules VIII, IX, and Crus I, and vermis VI, suggesting that they may require greater activation and/or the recruitment of supplementary structures to achieve successful conditioning. Correlation analyses relating brain activations to behavioral CRs showed a positive association of activity in cerebellar deep nuclei (including dentate, fastigial, and interposed nuclei) and vermis VI with CRs in the children. This is the first study to compare cerebellar cortical and deep nuclei activations in children versus adults during eyeblink classical conditioning.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07576.x
发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
CREBELLUM: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CEREBELLAR RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ivry, RB;Spencer, RM;Diedrichsen, J
通讯作者：
Diedrichsen, J
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
DISTERHOFT, JF;KWAN, HH;LO, WD
通讯作者：
LO, WD
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Brown, Kevin L.;Pagani, Jerome H.;Stanton, Mark E.
通讯作者：
Stanton, Mark E.
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Herbert, JS;Eckerman, CO;Stanton, ME
通讯作者：
Stanton, ME
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Diedrichsen, Jorn
通讯作者：
Diedrichsen, Jorn