The Developmental Origins of Opioid Use Disorder and Its Comorbidities.
The Developmental Origins of Opioid Use Disorder and Its Comorbidities.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2021.601905
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Baram TZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levis SC;Mahler SV;Baram TZ
阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)很少作为一种单一的精神疾病出现，其共病症状可能取决于引起OUD的不同危险因素和机制。这些因素是不同的，包括遗传易感性、接触处方阿片类药物和环境风险。至关重要的是，对我们来说，一个关键的环境风险因素是早年逆境(ELA)。OUD和其他物质使用障碍被广泛认为部分源于奖赏回路功能异常，这也可能与抑郁症、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症等共病精神疾病有关。ELA可能会破坏奖赏回路的发育和功能，从而导致这些紊乱。在这里，我们描述了ELA对奖赏回路的影响的新发现，这些奖赏回路可能通过共同的神经机制导致OUD和共病障碍。我们在人类和动物身上讨论了其中一些与OUD相关的问题。我们还强调了生物性行为在调节ELA诱导的奖赏回路中断的范围中越来越明显的关键作用，这可能会增加OUD和共病的神经精神障碍的发展风险。
Opioid use disorder (OUD) rarely presents as a unitary psychiatric condition, and the comorbid symptoms likely depend upon the diverse risk factors and mechanisms by which OUD can arise. These factors are heterogeneous and include genetic predisposition, exposure to prescription opioids, and environmental risks. Crucially, one key environmental risk factor for OUD is early life adversity (ELA). OUD and other substance use disorders are widely considered to derive in part from abnormal reward circuit function, which is likely also implicated in comorbid mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. ELA may disrupt reward circuit development and function in a manner predisposing to these disorders. Here, we describe new findings addressing the effects of ELA on reward circuitry that lead to OUD and comorbid disorders, potentially via shared neural mechanisms. We discuss some of these OUD-related problems in both humans and animals. We also highlight the increasingly apparent, crucial contribution of biological sex in mediating the range of ELA-induced disruptions of reward circuitry which may confer risk for the development of OUD and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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