Evacuation behaviors and emergency communications: An analysis of real-world incident videos.
Evacuation behaviors and emergency communications: An analysis of real-world incident videos.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105121
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Gwynne, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van der Wal, C. Natalie;Robinson, Mark A.;de Bruin, Wandi Bruine;Gwynne, Steven
对视频进行了分析，以检查哪些应急通信策略可能会减少风险行为。我们认为这是第一个将紧急通信与疏散行为联系起来的视频分析。我们的分析表明，让工作人员引导人们走到出口是最有效的疏散策略。与其他通信策略相比，疏散警报与更多的延迟响应相关。拍摄这一事件的人更多的是在警报响起和预先录制的信息可能不会阻止人们拍摄这一事件。与没有通信相比，所有紧急通信策略都与疏散期间的跑步有关。我们的主要实际建议是，在传统的紧急警报之外，再加上工作人员的指导。火灾和恐怖袭击等紧急情况有造成伤亡的风险，而应对措施的延误、不了解情况或管理不善可能加剧这种风险。有效的应急通信战略可用于更好地向人民通报情况并减少这些风险。本研究分析了现实世界紧急情况的视频，以：(a)确定人们在疏散过程中观察到的增加风险的行为，以及(b)检查哪些应急通信策略可能会减少风险行为。我们分析了不同紧急情况下（如火灾、恐怖袭击、疏散警报、感知威胁）紧急疏散的126个公开视频。我们发现了三种类型的风险行为（延迟反应、拍摄、逃跑）和四种紧急通信策略（疏散警报、工作人员引导人们到出口、一般预先录制的信息、现场广播）的证据。我们的分析表明，让员工引导人们离开是促进更快、更有效应对的最有效策略。然而，现场广播和预先录制的消息都与延迟反应无关，而疏散警报与其他通信策略相比，延迟反应更相关。虽然拍摄这一事件的人与工作人员的互动无关，但它更多地发生在警报响起和预先录制的信息中，这表明这些紧急通信可能不会阻止拍摄。与没有通信相比，所有紧急通信策略都减少了疏散期间的运行。我们讨论了这项研究对确定有效的应急通信策略和减少增加风险的疏散行为的意义。
Videos were analyzed to examine which emergency communication strategies might reduce risk behaviors. We believe this is the first video analysis relating emergency communications to evacuation behaviors. Our analyses suggest that having staff guide people to exits is the most effective evacuation strategy. Evacuation alarms were associated with more delayed responses than other communication strategies. People filming the incident occurred more with alarms sounding and prerecorded messages might not prevent people filming the incident. Compared to no communications, all emergency communication strategies were associated with running during evacuations. Our main practical recommendation is to supplement traditional emergency alarms with guidance from staff. Emergencies such as fires and terrorist attacks pose risks of injuries and fatalities, which can be exacerbated by delayed, ill-informed, or unmanaged responses. Effective emergency communication strategies could be used to better inform people and reduce these risks. This research analyzes videos of real-world emergencies to: (a) identify people’s observed behaviors that increase risk during evacuations, and (b) examine which emergency communication strategies might reduce risk behaviors. We analyzed 126 publicly available videos of emergency evacuations in different emergencies (e.g., fire, terror attack, evacuation alarm, perceived threat). We found evidence of three types of risk behaviors (delayed response, filming, running) and four emergency communication strategies (evacuation alarm, staff guiding people to exits, general prerecorded message, live announcement). Our analyses suggest that having staff guide people to exits is the most effective strategy for promoting faster and more effective responses. However, neither live announcements nor pre-recorded messages were associated with delayed responses, while evacuation alarms were associated with more delayed responses than other communication strategies. Although people filming the incident was unrelated to staff interactions, it occurred more with alarms sounding and prerecorded messages, suggesting that these emergency communications might not prevent filming. Compared to no communications, all emergency communication strategies reduced running during evacuations. We discuss the implications of this research for identifying effective emergency communication strategies and reducing risk-increasing evacuation behaviors.
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