Artificial Termite-Fishing Tasks as Enrichment for Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: Behavioral Effects and Impact on Welfare.
Artificial Termite-Fishing Tasks as Enrichment for Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: Behavioral Effects and Impact on Welfare.
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DOI：
10.3390/ani11102941
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发表时间：
2021-10-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Llorente M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Padrell M;Amici F;Córdoba MP;Giberga A;Broekman A;Almagro S;Llorente M
圈养动物的福利是当今备受关注的话题。然而，为了表达它们的自然行为能力，动物需要复杂的环境和刺激，而这些在圈养中很难再现。为了克服这个问题，环境丰富被认为是增加行为机会和提高动物福利的最成功的工具之一。在这项研究中，我们探讨了是否提供人工白蚁捕捞任务，以及参与这项任务是否可以预测庇护所黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的独居和社会行为的变化。我们比较了黑猩猩在富集时的行为与未富集时的不同时期的行为。我们发现，富集的存在预示着工具使用和进食行为的增加以及不活动的减少，特别是对于那些参与度较高的黑猩猩。然而，我们没有发现异常或自我导向行为的显着变化。此外，我们发现与归属或攻击相关的行为没有变化，但参与更多的黑猩猩的社交接近度增加。我们的结果支持了之前的研究，表明人工白蚁捕捞促进了圈养黑猩猩的物种典型行为，而对社会活动没有重大影响。人工白蚁捕捞任务是圈养类人猿的常见丰富活动，促进了物种典型的行为。尽管如此，这些活动是否与其他行为的变化有关以及这些变化是否随着时间的推移而持续存在，却很少被调查。我们评估了人工白蚁捕捞任务的使用是否与两组庇护所黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的独居行为和社会动态的变化有关。具体来说，我们比较了黑猩猩在两个月内分布的八次强化课程中的行为，以及引入强化之前和之后的类似时期。通过组合间隔和连续采样方法收集数据，并使用广义线性混合模型进行分析。我们发现，参与度在整个会议期间有所增加，并且丰富和参与都预示着工具使用和喂养的增加以及不活动的减少，这些都在整个会议期间得以维持。此外，参与与社交接近度呈正相关，揭示了任务的聚集效应。然而，丰富和参与都与异常、自我导向、归属相关或攻击相关行为的变化无关。总的来说，我们的结果支持这样的假设：人工白蚁捕捞对于圈养黑猩猩来说是一种合适的富集方式，可以保持受试者的兴趣并促进物种典型的行为，而不会对社会活动产生负面影响。
The welfare of captive animals is nowadays a topic of major concern. In order to express their natural behavioral repertoires, however, animals require complex environments and stimuli which are difficult to reproduce in captivity. To overcome this, environmental enrichment is considered one of the most successful tools to increase behavioral opportunities and enhance animal welfare. In this study, we explored whether providing an artificial termite-fishing task, and whether participation in this task, predicted changes in the solitary and social behavior of sanctuary-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We compared chimpanzee behavior when the enrichment was presented to different periods without enrichment. We found that the presence of the enrichment predicted an increase in tool use and feeding behavior and a decrease in inactivity, especially for those chimpanzees with higher participation. However, we did not detect significant changes in abnormal or self-directed behaviors. Furthermore, we found no variation in affiliation- or aggression-related behaviors, but social proximity increased in chimpanzees that participated more. Our results support previous studies demonstrating that artificial termite-fishing promotes species-typical behaviors in captive chimpanzees with no major effects on social activities. Artificial termite-fishing tasks are a common enrichment for captive great apes, promoting species-typical behaviors. Nonetheless, whether these activities are linked to changes in other behaviors and whether these changes persist over time has seldom been investigated. We assessed whether the use of an artificial termite-fishing task was linked to changes in the solitary behavior and social dynamics in two groups of sanctuary-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Specifically, we compared chimpanzee behavior during eight enrichment sessions distributed over a two-month period, with similar periods before and after the introduction of the enrichment. Data were collected from combined interval and continuous sampling methods and were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that participation increased across sessions and that both enrichment and participation predicted an increase in tool use and feeding and a decrease in inactivity, which were all maintained throughout the sessions. Furthermore, participation was positively associated with social proximity, revealing a gathering effect of the task. However, neither enrichment nor participation were linked to changes in abnormal, self-directed, affiliation-related or aggression-related behaviors. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that artificial termite-fishing is a suitable enrichment for captive chimpanzees, maintaining the subjects’ interest and promoting species-typical behaviors, with no negative effects on social activities.
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3.7
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