Neuroanatomical Circuitry for Mammalian Maternal Behavior a
Neuroanatomical Circuitry for Mammalian Maternal Behavior a
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哺乳动物母性行为的神经解剖回路
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51915.x
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Teige P. Sheehan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Numan;Teige P. Sheehan
本文概述了哺乳动物母性行为的神经回路。因为这项工作的大部分都是在老鼠身上完成的，我们的综述集中在那个物种上。怀孕后期的荷尔蒙事件，特别是雌激素和催乳素水平的上升以及孕酮水平的下降，对于许多哺乳动物物种的初产雌性在分娩时刺激母体行为的开始是必要的。要了解的一个重要过程是受母体荷尔蒙影响的神经机制。最近的几篇评论认为，当接近婴儿刺激并参与母亲行为的倾向大于回避或退出此类刺激的倾向时，母亲的行为就会得到促进。这种分析表明，怀孕后期的荷尔蒙事件对大脑机制起作用，要么减少对婴儿刺激的恐惧/厌恶，要么增加对婴儿刺激的吸引力，或者两者兼而有之。这些可能性如图1所示。有几个证据支持这一方案：(1)许多哺乳动物物种的未分娩雌性动物避开或攻击新生儿。确实，如果将幼崽放置在家中笼子的首选部分，未经产的雌性大鼠会离开那里？(2)尽管未怀孕的大鼠和绵羊对与新生儿相关的嗅觉刺激没有表现出偏好或积极地避免，但暴露在妊娠晚期荷尔蒙事件中的动物对这种情况表现出强烈的吸引力(3)尽管未经产的雌性大鼠不会对其幼崽表现出立即的母性反应，如果她与它们同居，她会在大约5-7天后表现出母性行为。这种反应的潜伏期可以通过一种模拟怀孕后期内分泌变化的激素方案来缩短。重要的是，这种潜伏期在没有激素刺激的未分娩雌性中也可以通过使它们无嗅觉来缩短。*这样的雌性在幼崽暴露大约24小时后就表现出母性行为。这些发现被解释为，未分娩的雌性从年轻的厌恶中发现了嗅觉刺激，只有当这种刺激的厌恶性质被习惯化、激素效应或实验诱导的n~S mIa降低后，母性行为才会发生。~，~嗅觉障碍对未分娩大鼠母体行为的影响支持图1A所示的模型：在没有激素治疗的情况下，对非嗅觉刺激的接近和吸引可能相对较高，怀孕后期的激素事件降低了产生厌恶的幼鼠气味的影响。然而，事实是无嗅觉处女不会
This paper presents an overview of the neural circuitry underlying maternal behavior in mammals. Because most of this work has been done on the rat, our review concentrates on that species. The hormonal events of late pregnancy, in particular, rising estrogen and prolactin levels and declining progesterone levels, are necessary for stimulating the onset of maternal behavior at parturition in primiparous females of many mammalian species.’ An important process to understand is the neural mechanisms influenced by ‘‘maternal hormones.” Several recent reviews argue that maternal behavior is facilitated when the tendency to approach infant stimuli and engage in maternal behavior is greater than the tendency to avoid or withdraw from such stimuli.’“ This kind of analysis suggests that the hormonal events of late pregnancy act on brain mechanisms to either decrease fear/aversion of infant stimuli or increase attractiodapproach towards infant stimuli, or both. These possibilities are illustrated in FIGURE 1. Several pieces of evidence support this scheme: (1) Nulliparous females of many mammalian species avoid or attack neonates.‘ Indeed, nulliparous female rats move out of the preferred part of their home cage if pups are placed there? (2) Although nonpregnant rats and sheep either show no preference for or actively avoid olfactory stimuli associated with neonates, animals that have been exposed to the hormonal events of late pregnancy show a strong attraction to such (3) Although the nulliparous female rat will not show immediate maternal responsiveness towards its young, if she is cohabited with them, she will come to show maternal behavior after about 5-7 days.’ This latency to respond can be shortened by a hormone regimen that mimics the endocrine changes of late pregnancy.’ Importantly, this latency can also be reduced in nonhormone-primed nulliparous females by making them anosmic.* Such females show maternal behavior after about only 24 hours of pup exposure. These findings have been interpreted to mean that nulliparous females find olfactory stimuli from young aversive and that maternal behavior will occur only after the aversive nature of such stimuli has been reduced by either habituation, hormonal effects, or experimentally induced a n ~ s m i a . ~ , ~ The effects of anosmia on maternal behavior in nulliparous rats support the model shown in FIGURE 1A: approach and attraction to nonolfactory stimuli may be relatively high in the absence of hormone treatment, and the hormonal events of late pregnancy downregulate the aversionproducing influence of pup odors.’ However, the fact that anosmic virgins do not
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.1.400
发表时间：
1994-01-04
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
WANG, ZX;FERRIS, CF;DEVRIES, GJ
通讯作者：
DEVRIES, GJ
挪威大鼠的三叉神经病变和母性行为：I.皮肤吻端去神经对维持养育和母性攻击性的影响。
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Stern,JM;Kolunie,JM
通讯作者：
Kolunie,JM
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
PEDERSEN, CA;CALDWELL, JD;MASON, GA
通讯作者：
MASON, GA
缰核复合体外侧细分的神经元介导大鼠母体行为的激素起始。
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Corodimas,KP;Rosenblatt,JS;Canfield,ME;Morrell,JI
通讯作者：
Morrell,JI
促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素抑制母体行为并诱导幼崽死亡。
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Pedersen,CA;Caldwell,JD;McGuire,M;Evans,DL
通讯作者：
Evans,DL