Temperamental markers in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.
Temperamental markers in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12710
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发表时间：
2017-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chawarska K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macari SL;Koller J;Campbell DJ;Chawarska K
虽然气质被认为是儿童期精神病理学的重要贡献者，但其在自闭症谱系表型中的作用尚未得到很好的理解。这项研究检查了患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的幼儿与其他发育挑战的幼儿相比是否表现出气质脆弱性，这些特征是否与核心自闭症症状不同，是否随时间推移而稳定，以及是否有助于学前班的社会成果。165名ASD幼儿的父母，58名非语言能力和实足年龄（CA）匹配的发育迟缓（DD）幼儿和92名CA匹配的典型发育（TD）幼儿在26个月时完成了幼儿行为评估量表-补充（TBAQ-S）（SD=6;时间1）。TBAQ-S数据也可用于43个月（SD=9;时间2）时ASD幼儿子集（n=126）。与DD和TD组相比，ASD幼儿在努力控制域和应急域中表现出脆弱性。与TD同行相比，他们还表现出更大的负向不稳定性。在ASD组中，气质特征与自闭症严重程度或发育水平并不同时相关，个体差异随着时间的推移而高度稳定。从2岁到3岁半的感知敏感度，抑制控制和低强度快乐的变化唯一预测了时间2的自闭症症状严重程度和适应性社交技能水平。自闭症幼儿的气质脆弱性随着时间的推移是稳定的，涉及注意力和行为控制以及情感反应。它们对学龄前儿童的社会结果有独特的贡献，并且可能是发展后期适应不良注意力，情感和行为症状的风险信号。考虑生物学为基础的尺寸可能揭示早期ASD表型的非核心方面，这可能与儿童期后期共病状况的出现有关。
Although temperament has been recognized as an important contributor to childhood psychopathology, its role in emergent autism spectrum phenotypes is not well-understood. This study examined whether toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) display temperamental vulnerabilities compared to toddlers with other developmental challenges, whether these characteristics are distinct from core autism symptoms, if they are stable over time, and if they contribute to social outcomes in preschool. Parents of 165 toddlers with ASD, 58 nonverbal ability- and chronological age- (CA) matched developmentally delayed (DD) toddlers and 92 CA-matched typically developing (TD) toddlers completed the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire-Supplemental (TBAQ-S) at 26 months (SD=6; Time 1). TBAQ-S data were also available for a subset of toddlers with ASD (n=126) at 43 months (SD=9; Time 2). Compared to the DD and TD groups, toddlers with ASD exhibited vulnerabilities within the Effortful Control domain as well as the Surgency domain. They also displayed greater Negative Emotionality compared to TD peers. In the ASD group, temperamental characteristics were not concurrently related to autism severity or developmental level and individual differences were highly stable over time. Changes in Perceptual Sensitivity, Inhibitory Control, and Low-Intensity Pleasure from age 2 to 3 ½ uniquely predicted autism symptom severity and adaptive social skill level at Time 2. Temperamental vulnerabilities in toddlers with ASD are stable over time and involve attentional and behavioral control as well as affective reactivity. They contribute uniquely to social outcomes in preschool and are likely to signal risk for developing later maladaptive attentional, affective, and behavioral symptoms. Considering biologically-based dimensions may shed light on non-core facets of the early ASD phenotype that are potentially relevant to the emergence of comorbid conditions later in childhood.
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