Effects of meditation experience on functional connectivity of distributed brain networks.
Effects of meditation experience on functional connectivity of distributed brain networks.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2012.00038
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Barsalou LW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasenkamp W;Barsalou LW
本研究旨在探讨冥想体验对大脑网络的影响，这些网络是冥想练习过程中认知行为的基础。在以前的研究中，我们提出了一个基本模型，自然主义的认知波动发生在集中注意力冥想的实践。该模型规定了认知周期中的四个间隔：走神（MW），意识到MW，转移注意力和持续注意力。在冥想过程中，我们使用经验丰富的从业者的主观输入，在意识到MW和执行网络区域在转移和持续注意力期间，我们确定了显着网络区域的活动。与默认模式相关的大脑区域在MW期间是活跃的。在本研究中，我们推断，经过多年的练习，注意力大脑网络的反复激活可能会导致相关回路内持久的功能连接变化。为了研究这种可能性，我们创建了代表在早期研究的四个阶段中活跃的网络的种子，并检查了相同参与者在静息状态下的功能连接。然后对比了冥想经验高与低的参与者之间的连接图。具有更多冥想经验的参与者表现出注意力网络内部以及注意力区域和内侧额叶区域之间的连接性增加。这些神经关系可能与认知技能的发展有关，例如保持注意力和摆脱分心，这通常与冥想练习有关。此外，由于在非冥想（休息）状态下观察到有经验的冥想者大脑区域的连接性改变，这可能代表了认知能力“脱离垫子”进入日常生活。
This study sought to examine the effect of meditation experience on brain networks underlying cognitive actions employed during contemplative practice. In a previous study, we proposed a basic model of naturalistic cognitive fluctuations that occur during the practice of focused attention meditation. This model specifies four intervals in a cognitive cycle: mind wandering (MW), awareness of MW, shifting of attention, and sustained attention. Using subjective input from experienced practitioners during meditation, we identified activity in salience network regions during awareness of MW and executive network regions during shifting and sustained attention. Brain regions associated with the default mode were active during MW. In the present study, we reasoned that repeated activation of attentional brain networks over years of practice may induce lasting functional connectivity changes within relevant circuits. To investigate this possibility, we created seeds representing the networks that were active during the four phases of the earlier study, and examined functional connectivity during the resting state in the same participants. Connectivity maps were then contrasted between participants with high vs. low meditation experience. Participants with more meditation experience exhibited increased connectivity within attentional networks, as well as between attentional regions and medial frontal regions. These neural relationships may be involved in the development of cognitive skills, such as maintaining attention and disengaging from distraction, that are often reported with meditation practice. Furthermore, because altered connectivity of brain regions in experienced meditators was observed in a non-meditative (resting) state, this may represent a transference of cognitive abilities “off the cushion” into daily life.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
Raichle, ME
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Kilpatrick, Lisa A.;Suyenobu, Brandall Y.;Smith, Suzanne R.;Bueller, Joshua A.;Goodman, Trudy;Creswell, J. David;Tillisch, Kirsten;Mayer, Emeran A.;Naliboff, Bruce D.
通讯作者：
Naliboff, Bruce D.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Hasenkamp, Wendy;Wilson-Mendenhall, Christine D.;Barsalou, Lawrence W.
通讯作者：
Barsalou, Lawrence W.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Jha, Amishi P.;Krompinger, Jason;Baime, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Baime, Michael J.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Carlson, Linda E.;Thomas, Bejoy Cherian
通讯作者：
Thomas, Bejoy Cherian