Oxytocin does not stand alone.
Oxytocin does not stand alone.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2021.0047
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发表时间：
2022-08-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Chang, Steve W. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Putnam, Philip T.;Chang, Steve W. C.
神经肽催产素一直是神经科学中的热门话题，近几十年来科学文献[1]和流行文化[2-5]的兴趣稳步增加。这种关注不仅受到催产素本身迷人的工作原理的启发，其广度从潜在的关键生殖生物学[6]到支持高层次的社会行为[7-9]，而且还受到利用催产素作为治疗剂来增强社会认知的巨大潜力的启发[10-13]。然而，伴随着这种兴奋的是有理有据的批评。这些包括以下内容：（i）我们对催产素如何调节社会认知的理解缺乏方法学上的严谨性[14-17];（ii）催产素治疗的效果可能高度依赖于背景[18，19];（iii）我们仍在建立一个关于催产素如何在神经生物学水平上影响社会行为的机械理解[9，20-24];（iv）发育和生活经验可以极大地改变催产素系统的功能[25-27];（v）我们缺乏一个单一的总体理论来预测催产素如何调节行为[28-31]。这些重要的检查是促进我们对催产素的理解的基础，使催产素能机制的利用成为研究社会行为神经生物学的一种手段[32，33]，并作为一种治疗工具来恢复在各种精神疾病中观察到的社会认知缺陷[34，35]。直到最近，文献中还缺乏一个关键的观点，即检查催产素如何与其他神经调节系统相互作用[36]。在大脑中，没有任何一个区域或神经调质是一个完整的岛屿，尽管实验室实验的实际考虑限制了任何单一实验所能解决的问题，但孤立地研究催产素的操纵可能会导致不完整或不正确的理解。历史实验[6，37-42]为今天的研究人员奠定了关键和基础基础，以便在越来越自然的行为背景下[7，32，43-45]和从整体角度[44]检查催产素的底物和作用的困难但必要的任务。目前我们对催产素的理解不一致，部分原因可能是实验方法试图将催产素系统作为一个实验变量孤立出来，而忽略了大脑或身体的其他部分。这并不是对过去实验的批评，过去的实验使我们对催产素的理解从子宫收缩剂发展到今天的多方面视角，而是对未来研究的一个建议，旨在解决尚未回答的问题。事实上，该领域已经成功地朝着在更自然的背景下和更全面地检查催产素功能的方向发展，这得益于技术的进步[46，47]和文献中数十年的批判性反思[14，15，17，48]。例如，最近的研究已经确定了催产素和阿片类拮抗剂纳洛酮的联合治疗对社会注视的超线性增强[49]，证明了催产素能和阿片类系统在调节社会注意力方面的机制联系。此外，在小鼠延髓核中，内源性内源性大麻素anandamide结合在CB 1受体上驱动社会奖励，并阻断或选择性激活室旁核中的催产素神经元。
The neuropeptide oxytocin persists as a hot topic in neuroscience, with steadily increasing interest in both scientific literature [1] and popular culture during recent decades [2–5]. This attention is inspired not only by the fascinating workings of oxytocin itself, which span in breadth from underlying critical reproductive biology [6] to supporting high-level social behaviours [7–9], but also by the enormous potential of leveraging oxytocin as a therapeutic to enhance social cognition [10–13]. However, accompanying this excitement are welljustified critiques. These include the following:(i) our understanding of how oxytocin modulates social cognition is lacking in methodological rigour [14–17];(ii) the effects of oxytocin treatment can be highly context-dependent [18, 19];(iii) we are still building a mechanistic understanding for how oxytocin impacts social behaviours at the neurobiological level [9, 20–24];(iv) developmental and life experience can drastically change the function of oxytocinergic systems [25–27]; and (v) we lack a single overarching theory to predict how oxytocin may modulate behaviour [28–31]. These critical examinations are fundamental for advancing our understanding of oxytocin, enabling the utilization of oxytocinergic mechanisms as a means to study the neurobiology of social behaviours [32, 33] and as a curative tool to restore the deficits in social cognition observed across a variety of psychiatric disorders [34, 35]. One critical perspective that has been lacking in the literature until recently is the examination of how oxytocin interacts with other neuromodulatory systems [36]. In the brain, no single region or neuromodulator is an island, entire of itself, and although the practical considerations of laboratory experiments present limits on what any single experiment can address, studying the manipulations of oxytocin in isolation may lead to an incomplete or incorrect understanding. Historical experiments [6, 37–42] have laid the crucial and foundational bases for researchers today to move forward with the difficult, but necessary, tasks of examining the substrates and effects of oxytocin in increasingly naturalistic behavioural contexts [7, 32, 43–45] and from holistic perspectives [44]. Present incongruities in our understanding of oxytocin may be, in part, the result of experimental approaches that seek to isolate the oxytocin system as an experimental variable while ignoring the rest of the brain or body. This is not intended as a criticism of past experiments, which built our understanding of oxytocin from a uterine-contracting agent to our multi-faceted perspective today, but instead a proposition for future studies that seek to address as yet unanswered questions. Indeed, the field is already successfully moving in the direction of examining oxytocin function under more naturalistic contexts and more holistically, aided by advancements in technology [46, 47] and decades of critical introspection in the literature [14, 15, 17, 48]. For example, recent research has identified supralinear enhancements of social gaze from combinatorial treatment of oxytocin and the opioid antagonist naloxone [49], demonstrating a mechanistic link between the oxytocinergic and opioidergic systems in the regulation of social attention. Moreover, in the mouse nucleus accumbens, the endogenous endocannabinoid anandamide binding at the CB1 receptors drives social reward, and blockade or selective activation of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Carter, C. Sue;Boone, Ericka M.;Bales, Karen L.
通讯作者：
Bales, Karen L.
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2021.0056
发表时间：
2022-08-29
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
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作者：
Daughters K;Rees DA;Hunnikin L;Wells A;Hall J;van Goozen S
通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1015316108
发表时间：
2011-01-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Handgraaf, Michel J. J.
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
Auyeung B;Lombardo MV;Heinrichs M;Chakrabarti B;Sule A;Deakin JB;Bethlehem RA;Dickens L;Mooney N;Sipple JA;Thiemann P;Baron-Cohen S
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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