Oxytocin increases eye contact during a real-time, naturalistic social interaction in males with and without autism.
Oxytocin increases eye contact during a real-time, naturalistic social interaction in males with and without autism.
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DOI：
10.1038/tp.2014.146
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发表时间：
2015-02-10
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Baron-Cohen S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Auyeung B;Lombardo MV;Heinrichs M;Chakrabarti B;Sule A;Deakin JB;Bethlehem RA;Dickens L;Mooney N;Sipple JA;Thiemann P;Baron-Cohen S
自闭症谱系障碍（自闭症）影响约1%的人口，其特征是社交沟通障碍。催产素被广泛报道会影响社交功能及其神经基础。在这里，我们报告的第一个证据表明，鼻内催产素管理改善了一个核心问题，自闭症患者在现实世界的社会环境中适当地使用目光接触。采用随机双盲、安慰剂对照、受试者内设计，研究鼻内给予24 IU催产素如何影响32名自闭症成年男性和34名对照者的凝视行为，并与研究人员进行实时互动。这种互动模式绕过了传统静态或基于计算机的刺激所遇到的许多限制。使用眼动跟踪记录眼球运动，提供对观看模式的客观测量。这项措施被证明是敏感的减少眼睛接触通常报告在自闭症，与自闭症组花更少的时间看眼睛区域的脸比控制。催产素给药选择性地增强了自闭症组和对照组对眼睛的注视（每秒转换的平均眼睛注视差异=0.082; 95%CI：0.025-0.14，P=0.006）。在自闭症组中，催产素对基线时眼神接触水平受损的个体的注视持续时间影响最大（科恩d=0.86）。这些发现表明，催产素在自闭症中的潜在益处扩展到实时互动，为社交沟通的一个关键方面提供了治疗效果的证据。
Autism spectrum conditions (autism) affect ~1% of the population and are characterized by deficits in social communication. Oxytocin has been widely reported to affect social-communicative function and its neural underpinnings. Here we report the first evidence that intranasal oxytocin administration improves a core problem that individuals with autism have in using eye contact appropriately in real-world social settings. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design is used to examine how intranasal administration of 24 IU of oxytocin affects gaze behavior for 32 adult males with autism and 34 controls in a real-time interaction with a researcher. This interactive paradigm bypasses many of the limitations encountered with conventional static or computer-based stimuli. Eye movements are recorded using eye tracking, providing an objective measurement of looking patterns. The measure is shown to be sensitive to the reduced eye contact commonly reported in autism, with the autism group spending less time looking to the eye region of the face than controls. Oxytocin administration selectively enhanced gaze to the eyes in both the autism and control groups (transformed mean eye-fixation difference per second=0.082; 95% CI:0.025–0.14, P=0.006). Within the autism group, oxytocin has the most effect on fixation duration in individuals with impaired levels of eye contact at baseline (Cohen's d=0.86). These findings demonstrate that the potential benefits of oxytocin in autism extend to a real-time interaction, providing evidence of a therapeutic effect in a key aspect of social communication.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Insel, Thomas R.
通讯作者：
Insel, Thomas R.
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Guastella, Adam J.;Einfeld, Stewart L.;Hickie, Ian B.
通讯作者：
Hickie, Ian B.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Kosfeld, M;Heinrichs, M;Fehr, E
通讯作者：
Fehr, E
影响因子：
3
作者：
Bethlehem RA;Baron-Cohen S;van Honk J;Auyeung B;Bos PA
通讯作者：
Bos PA
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Guastella, Adam J.;Mitchell, Philip B.;Dadds, Mark R.
通讯作者：
Dadds, Mark R.