The spatial epidemiology of cocaine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use: a demonstration using a population measure of community drug load derived from municipal wastewater.
The spatial epidemiology of cocaine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use: a demonstration using a population measure of community drug load derived from municipal wastewater.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02678.x
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发表时间：
2009-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Montigny L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banta-Green CJ;Field JA;Chiaia AC;Sudakin DL;Power L;de Montigny L
确定社区范围内的药物检测与废水样本的效用作为社区药物使用的人口措施，并测试与城市化的关联将因三种不同的兴奋剂滥用药物而异的假设。单日样本来自代表俄勒冈州65%人口的96个城市的便利样本。苯甲酰芽子碱（BZE，可卡因代谢物）、甲基苯丙胺和3，4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）的24小时复合流入物样品的化学分析。社区指数药物负荷占总废水流量（即稀释）和人口的分布报告。废水衍生药物指数负荷的分布与预期的流行病学药物模式相对应。指数负荷的BZE显着较高，在城市地区和许多农村地区低于检测。相反，甲基苯丙胺存在于所有城市，按城市化指数负荷没有显着差异。亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明在不到一半的社区中处于可量化水平，在更多的城市地区，指数负荷呈明显上升趋势。该演示提供了第一个证据的实用程序的废水衍生社区药物负荷的空间分析。这些数据有可能极大地改善对一系列药物的真实水平和分布的测量。毒品指数负荷数据提供了社区所有人的信息，可能适用于比现有措施大得多的总人口比例。
To determine the utility of community wide drug testing with wastewater samples as a population measure of community drug use and to to test the hypothesis that the association with urbanicity would vary for three different stimulant drugs of abuse. Single day samples were obtained from a convenience sample of 96 municipalities representing 65% of the population of the State of Oregon. Chemical analysis of 24 hour composite influent samples for benzoylecgonine (BZE, a cocaine metabolite), methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The distribution of community index drug loads accounting for total wastewater flow (i.e. dilution) and population are reported. The distribution of wastewater derived drug index loads were found to correspond with expected epidemiological drug patterns. Index loads of BZE were significantly higher in urban areas and below detection in many rural areas. Conversely, methamphetamine was present in all municipalities with no significant differences in index loads by urbanicity. MDMA was at quantifiable levels in less than half of the communities, with a significant trend towards higher index loads in more urban areas. This demonstration provides the first evidence of the utility of wastewater derived community drug loads for spatial analyses. Such data have the potential to dramatically improve measurement of the true level and distribution of a range of drugs. Drug index load data provide information for all people in a community and are potentially applicable to a much larger proportion of the total population than existing measures.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-4-14
发表时间：
2005-08-05
期刊：
Environmental health : a global access science source
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zuccato E;Chiabrando C;Castiglioni S;Calamari D;Bagnati R;Schiarea S;Fanelli R
通讯作者：
Fanelli R
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Huerta-Fontela, Maria;Galceran, Maria Teresa;Ventura, Francesc
通讯作者：
Ventura, Francesc
通过废水分析估算社区药物滥用。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Zuccato, Ettore;Chiabrando, Chiara;Castiglioni, Sara;Bagnati, Renzo;Fanelli, Roberto
通讯作者：
Fanelli, Roberto
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Hummel, Daniela;Loeffler, Dirk;Ternes, Thomas A.
通讯作者：
Ternes, Thomas A.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Chiaia, Aurea C.;Banta-Green, Cale;Field, Jennifer
通讯作者：
Field, Jennifer