Species-specific ant brain manipulation by a specialized fungal parasite.
Species-specific ant brain manipulation by a specialized fungal parasite.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-014-0166-3
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发表时间：
2014-08-29
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hughes DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Bekker C;Quevillon LE;Smith PB;Fleming KR;Ghosh D;Patterson AD;Hughes DP
寄生虫操纵宿主行为的能力是自然选择适应的一个令人信服的证明。一个戏剧性的例子涉及到来自蛇虫草属的真菌物种，它们通过诱导叮咬行为来控制蚂蚁宿主。在全球范围内对被虫草操纵后死亡的蚂蚁进行的密集抽样表明，这种现象具有高度的物种特异性。我们通过在受控的实验室条件下重建虫草寄生虫对宿主的操纵，并将其与实地感染率观察和代谢组学调查相结合，进一步了解了这一系统。我们报告了一种新发现的来自北美的单侧感知蛇虫草（Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato），我们用它来解决蛇虫草诱导蚂蚁行为操纵的物种特异性。我们的研究表明，这种真菌可以杀死所有被测试的蚂蚁物种，但只能操纵自然界中被它感染的蚂蚁的行为。为了研究这是否可以在分子水平上解释，我们使用离体培养试验来测量真菌分泌的代谢物，以介导真菌-蚂蚁组织相互作用。我们发现真菌通过分泌不同的代谢物阵列对不同蚂蚁的大脑产生不同的反应。通过确定当真菌与其自然存在的宿主的大脑一起生长时，哪些离子峰显着富集，我们发现了可能参与单侧弧菌行为操纵的候选化合物。已知其中两种候选物质与神经系统疾病和癌症有关。本文提出的综合研究表明，o.d onealis s.l.对蚂蚁大脑的操纵似乎具有物种特异性，因为这种真菌对宿主大脑的存在产生了一种特定的化合物阵列，作为一种反应，它已经进化到可以操纵。这些研究已经发现了与这种特殊真菌建立行为操纵有关的候选化合物，因此代表了对这种现象背后的分子机制的理解的重大进展。本文的在线版本（doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0166-3）包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
A compelling demonstration of adaptation by natural selection is the ability of parasites to manipulate host behavior. One dramatic example involves fungal species from the genus Ophiocordyceps that control their ant hosts by inducing a biting behavior. Intensive sampling across the globe of ants that died after being manipulated by Ophiocordyceps suggests that this phenomenon is highly species-specific. We advance our understanding of this system by reconstructing host manipulation by Ophiocordyceps parasites under controlled laboratory conditions and combining this with field observations of infection rates and a metabolomics survey. We report on a newly discovered species of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato from North America that we use to address the species-specificity of Ophiocordyceps-induced manipulation of ant behavior. We show that the fungus can kill all ant species tested, but only manipulates the behavior of those it infects in nature. To investigate if this could be explained at the molecular level, we used ex vivo culturing assays to measure the metabolites that are secreted by the fungus to mediate fungus-ant tissue interactions. We show the fungus reacts heterogeneously to brains of different ant species by secreting a different array of metabolites. By determining which ion peaks are significantly enriched when the fungus is grown alongside brains of its naturally occurring host, we discovered candidate compounds that could be involved in behavioral manipulation by O. unilateralis s.l.. Two of these candidates are known to be involved in neurological diseases and cancer. The integrative work presented here shows that ant brain manipulation by O. unilateralis s.l. is species-specific seemingly because the fungus produces a specific array of compounds as a reaction to the presence of the host brain it has evolved to manipulate. These studies have resulted in the discovery of candidate compounds involved in establishing behavioral manipulation by this specialized fungus and therefore represent a major advancement towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0166-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Gonzalez, Luis E.;Rojnik, Belen;Hernandez, Luis
通讯作者：
Hernandez, Luis
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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