The Impact of Terrestrial Radiation on FPGAs in Data Centers

The Impact of Terrestrial Radiation on FPGAs in Data Centers
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地面辐射对数据中心 FPGA 的影响

DOI:
10.1145/3457198
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Wirthlin, Michael J.
Wirthlin, Michael J.
中科院分区:
计算机科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Keller, Andrew M.;Wirthlin, Michael J.

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现场可编程门阵列(现场可编程门阵列)在世界各地的数据中心大量使用。它们用于云计算和计算机网络。数据中心使用的最常见类型的现场可编程门阵列是基于SRAM的可重新编程的现场可编程门阵列。这些设备可提供潜在的性能和功耗节约。单个设备对辐射引起的软错误也有很小的敏感性,这可能会导致意外行为。本文研究了地面辐射对数据中心中的现场可编程门阵列的影响。比较了人工故障注入和加速辐射测试在几种类似数据中心的现场可编程门阵列应用上的测试结果。一种新的故障注入方案提供了更类似于辐射测试的结果。静默数据损坏(SDC)是最常见的故障模式,其次是FPGA不可用和主机无响应。假设在科罗拉多州丹佛市部署100,000个现场可编程门阵列,平均每半小时就会出现配置内存中断,平均每隔0.5-11天就会出现SDC故障。
Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are used in large numbers in data centers around the world. They are used for cloud computing and computer networking. The most common type of FPGA used in data centers are re-programmable SRAM-based FPGAs. These devices offer potential performance and power consumption savings. A single device also carries a small susceptibility to radiation-induced soft errors, which can lead to unexpected behavior. This article examines the impact of terrestrial radiation on FPGAs in data centers. Results from artificial fault injection and accelerated radiation testing on several data-center-like FPGA applications are compared. A new fault injection scheme provides results that are more similar to radiation testing. Silent data corruption (SDC) is the most commonly observed failure mode followed by FPGA unavailable and host unresponsive. A hypothetical deployment of 100,000 FPGAs in Denver, Colorado, will experience upsets in configuration memory every half-hour on average and SDC failures every 0.5–11 days on average.
软错误对大规模 FPGA 云计算的影响
DOI: 10.1145/3289602.3293911
发表时间: 2019
期刊: FPGA '19 Proceedings of the 2019 ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
影响因子: --
作者:
Keller, Andrew M.;Wirthlin, Michael J.
通讯作者: Wirthlin, Michael J.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2020
期刊: IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Conner Chambers
DOI: 10.1109/dsn.2008.4630080
发表时间: 2008
期刊: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks With FTCS and DCC (DSN)
影响因子: --
作者:
Pradeep Ramachandran;P. Kudva;J. W. Kellington;J. Schumann;P. Sanda
通讯作者: P. Sanda
可靠互联网核心路由器中软错误性能的规范和验证
DOI: 10.1109/tns.2008.2001742
发表时间: 2008
影响因子: 1.8
作者:
Allan L. Silburt;Adrian Evans;Ana H. Burghelea;Shi;D. Ward;R. Norrish;D. Hogle
通讯作者: D. Hogle
可重构现场可编程门阵列:故障模式和分析
DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
N. Battezzati;L. Sterpone;M. Violante
通讯作者: M. Violante