Control processes in short-term storage: Retrieval strategies in immediate recall depend upon the number of words to be recalled
Control processes in short-term storage: Retrieval strategies in immediate recall depend upon the number of words to be recalled
复制标题
短期存储中的控制过程：立即回忆中的检索策略取决于要回忆的单词数量
作者：
G. Ward;L. Tan
根据Atkinson和Shiffrin（1968）的模型，短时记忆存储中的控制过程决定了不同存储、搜索和提取策略的选择。虽然排练是研究最多的短期控制过程，它是必要的，以指定不同的检索策略可供参与者使用的搜索和输出从短期或即时记忆，以及在何种程度上参与者可以灵活地选择不同的检索策略回忆排练和未排练的材料。在三个实验中，我们研究了即时自由回忆测试（Exp。1），立即连续回忆（ISR; Exp. 2），和ISR的变体，我们称之为ISR免费（实验。3）。在每个实验中，参与者都会看到一个非常短的四个、五个或六个单词的列表，并被要求回忆每个列表中的一个、两个、三个或所有项目。事先既不知道清单的长度，也不知道要召回的物品的数量。在所有三个任务中，第一个被召回项目的顺序位置取决于被召回项目的数量。当只有一个或两个项目被召回，参与者倾向于启动回忆与最后或倒数第二个列表项目，分别;当参与者被要求回忆尽可能多的列表项目，他们倾向于启动回忆与第一个列表项目。这些研究结果表明，不同的检索策略存在快速搜索不同数量的项目从即时记忆，他们证实，参与者有一定的控制他们的输出顺序，作为衡量的第一个项目回忆。
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) model, control processes in the short-term memory store determine the selection of different storage, search, and retrieval strategies. Although rehearsal is the most studied short-term control process, it is necessary to specify the different retrieval strategies available for participants to use in searching for and outputting from short-term or immediate memory, as well as the degree to which participants can flexibly select different retrieval strategies for recalling rehearsed and unrehearsed materials. In three experiments we examined retrieval strategies in tests of immediate free recall (Exp. 1), immediate serial recall (ISR; Exp. 2), and a variant of ISR that we call ISR-free (Exp. 3). In each experiment, participants were presented with very short lists of four, five, or six words and were instructed to recall one, two, three, or all of the items from each list. Neither the list length nor the number of to-be-recalled items was known in advance. The serial position of the first item recalled in all three tasks depended on the number of to-be-recalled items. When only one or two items were to be recalled, participants tended to initiate recall with the final or penultimate list item, respectively; when participants were required to recall as many list items as possible, they tended to initiate recall with the first list item. These findings show that different retrieval strategies exist for rapidly searching for different numbers of items from immediate memory, and they confirm that participants have some control over their output order, as measured by the first items recalled.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Polyn, Sean M.;Norman, Kenneth A.;Kahana, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Kahana, Michael J.
自由回忆中的情境变异性和序列位置效应。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.25.4.923
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Howard,MW;Kahana,MJ
通讯作者：
Kahana,MJ
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Sederberg, Per B.;Howard, Marc W.;Kahana, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Kahana, Michael J.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Farrell, Simon
通讯作者：
Farrell, Simon
DOI：
10.1037/a0033698
发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Lohnas, Lynn J.;Kahana, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Kahana, Michael J.