Sex-specific risk profiles for substance use among college students.
Sex-specific risk profiles for substance use among college students.
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DOI：
10.1002/brb3.1959
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Spit for Science Working Group
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin CE;Ksinan AJ;Moeller FG;Dick D;Spit for Science Working Group
越来越多的证据表明，在物质使用方面存在性别差异。框架的生命历程的角度来看，我们前瞻性地探讨了性别的远端和近端因素的影响，在大学开始使用药物。对既往未使用过药物的大学生（n = 5，120名女性; n = 2，951名男性）进行了4年的纵向随访。在潜在变量SEM框架内，以非法药物使用（过去一年中6次或以上）作为潜在因素，按性别分别对分析进行多组生存分析。开始使用药物的男性（8.5%）多于女性（6.4%，χ2（1）= 10.351，p = 0.001），但黑人男性（AOR 0.33，95% CI [0.18，0.60]）和女性（0.35 [0.23，0.54]）较少。开始使用药物的学生更可能包括基线时吸烟的学生（男性1.40 [1.23，1.59];女性1.43 [1.24，1.64]），使用酒精（男性1.04 [1.02，1.06];女性1.04 [1.02，1.06]），或使用大麻的同龄人（男性1.79 [1.52，2.11];女性1.70 [1.49，1.93]）。冲动域关联因性别而异[消极紧迫感：女性（1.23 [1.02，1.49]）和感觉寻求：男性（1.33 [1.01，1.75]）]。男性（1.60 [1.09，2.35]）和女性（1.95 [1.45，2.62]）的不想要/不舒服的性经历史可预测药物使用，但仅女性（1.45 [1.08，1.94]）可预测身体攻击。情绪症状仅预测男性的药物使用[抑郁（0.73 [0.56，0.95]）;焦虑（1.40 [1.04，1.89]）]。大学期间开始吸毒的风险因素因性别而异。由于早期使用药物易使人成瘾，因此需要对年轻人进行性和性别知情的干预。这项研究前瞻性地跟踪了大学期间大量不同的学生样本，是对当前阿片类药物危机中非寻求治疗的学生群体中非法药物使用文献的有益补充。在大学开始时的年轻成人学生中，某些因素（即，烟草或酒精，同龄人吸毒）与男性和女性随后开始偶尔使用非法药物有关，而其他人则因性别而异（即，情绪症状，创伤史），突出重点的关键领域性别特异性预防工作。
Growing evidence indicates sex and gender differences exist in substance use. Framed by a lifecourse perspective, we explored prospectively by sex the effects of distal and proximal factors on the initiation of drug use in college. College students without prior drug use (n = 5,120 females; n = 2,951 males) were followed longitudinally across 4 years. Analyses were estimated as a multigroup survival analysis separately by sex within a latent variable SEM framework with illicit drug use (6 or more times in past year) as the latent factor. More males initiated drug use (8.5%) than females (6.4%, χ2 (1) = 10.351, p = .001), but less so for Black males (AOR 0.33, 95% CI [0.18, 0.60]) and females (0.35 [0.23, 0.54]). Students initiating drug use more likely included students smoking cigarettes at baseline (males 1.40 [1.23, 1.59]; females 1.43 [1.24, 1.64]), using alcohol (males 1.04 [1.02, 1.06]; females 1.04 [1.02, 1.06]), or having cannabis using peers (males 1.79 [1.52, 2.11]; females 1.70 [1.49, 1.93]). Impulsivity domain associations differed by sex [negative urgency: females (1.23 [1.02, 1.49) and sensation seeking: males (1.33 [1.01, 1.75])]. History of unwanted/uncomfortable sexual experience predicted drug use for males (1.60 [1.09, 2.35]) and females (1.95 [1.45, 2.62]) but physical assault only for females (1.45 [1.08, 1.94]). Mood symptoms predicted drug use only for males [depression (0.73 [0.56, 0.95]); anxiety (1.40 [1.04, 1.89])]. Risk factors for initiating drug use during college differ by sex. As substance use during early age predisposes one for addiction, sex‐ and gender‐informed interventions for young adults are needed. This study prospectively follows a large and diverse sample of students through the college years and is a useful addition to the literature on illicit drug use in a nontreatment seeking student population in the current opioid crisis. Among young adult students at the start of college, certain factors (i.e., tobacco or alcohol, peer drug use) were associated with subsequent initiation of occasional illicit drug use for both males and females while others differed across sex (i.e., mood symptoms, trauma histories), highlighting key areas to focus sex‐specific prevention efforts.
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